Neuroprotection by intracellular acidifying agent propionate against brain ischemia in vivo.
A, TTC-stained brain sections (image, left) and summary data (bar graph, right) showing increased infarct area (infarct volume) in brains from quinine-injected mice but reduction in infarct area (infarct volume) in brains from propionate-injected mice (one-way ANOVA, effect of treatment, F(2,14) = 9.36, p = 0.0026. Tukey's multiple comparisons test, **, p < 0.01 compared with aCSF; ##, p < 0.01 compared with quinine). B, summary data showing significantly reduced ischemia-induced infarct volume in PcTX1-injected mice. The infarct volume was not different in PcTX1 plus quinine or PcTX1 plus propionate-injected mice compared with PcTX1-alone injected mice (one-way ANOVA, F(3,15) = 8.13, p = 0.0019. Tukey's multiple comparisons test, **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 compared with aCSF).