Table 4.
Crude mean change and adjusted mean difference in change for all retirement groups
| Group Membership | Baseline mean | Crude change scores | Model coefficient (adjusted)ab | Adjusted change scores (%)ac |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | |
| Self-Rated Health (scale 1–5) N = 808 | ||||
| Involuntary retirement | 3.10 (2.92–3.28) | −0.38 (−0.56– − 0.20) | −0.38 (−0.58– − 0.18)*** | −11.00 (−14.20– − 7.60)*** |
| Voluntary retirement | 3.49 (3.38–3.60) | −0.17 (−0.29– − 0.05) | 0.00 (ref) | −3.40 (−5.60– − 1.20)** |
| Never poor job | 3.73 (3.61–3.85) | −0.12 (−0.23– − 0.01) | 0.14 (−0.02–0.29)^ | −0.60 (−2.80–1.40) |
| Poor job some waves | 3.66 (3.54–3.77) | −0.25 (−0.36– − 0.14) | −0.03 (−0.18–0.12) | −4.00 (−6.00– − 2.00)*** |
| Poor jobs most waves | 3.41 (3.27–3.54) | −0.23 (−0.34– − 0.12) | −0.13 (−0.28–0.02)^ | −6.00 (−8.00– − 3.80)*** |
| Physical Functioning (scale 0–100) N = 803 | ||||
| Involuntary retirement | 75.26 (70.16–80.36) | −7.06 (−11.81– − 2.32) | −9.25 (−13.97–4.53)*** | −12.02 (16.15– − 7.89)*** |
| Voluntary retirement | 85.89 (83.38–88.40) | −3.48 (−6.16– − 0.81) | 0.00 (ref) | −2.77 (−5.08– − 0.46)** |
| Never poor job | 88.38 (85.96–90.79) | −1.64 (−4.56–1.28) | 2.31 (−1.09–5.72) | −0.45 (−2.91–2.00) |
| Poor job some waves | 87.06 (84.76–89.37) | −1.98 (−4.24–0.29) | 1.39 (−1.77–4.55) | −1.38 (−3.38–0.63) |
| Poor jobs most waves | 86.42 (84.05–88.79) | −7.48 (−10.35– − 4.62) | −4.90 (−8.52– − 1.29)*** | −7.67 (−10.43– − 4.92)*** |
| Mental Health (scale 0–100) N = 829 | ||||
| Involuntary retirement | 76.47 (72.97–79.97) | −0.38 (−3.43–2.68) | −4.97 (−8.28– − 1.66)*** | −1.65 (−4.58–1.28) |
| Voluntary retirement | 78.65 (76.58–80.71) | 3.57 (1.58–5.55) | 0.00 (ref) | 3.32 (1.58–5.06)*** |
| Never poor job | 81.91 (80.03–83.78) | 2.10 (0.29–3.91) | 0.51 (−1.84–2.87) | 3.83 (2.28–5.38)*** |
| Poor job some waves | 80.54 (78.69–82.39) | 0.99 (−0.74–2.27) | −1.17 (−3.54–1.19) | 2.15 (0.61–3.69)*** |
| Poor jobs most waves | 74.65 (72.16–77.15) | 0.78 (−2.00–3.55) | −4.67 (−7.69– − 1.66)*** | −1.35 (−3.66–0.96) |
| Physical Activity (scale 0–6) N = 828 | ||||
| Involuntary retirement | 3.22 (2.86–3.57) | 0.49 (0.10–0.88) | 0.12 (−0.25–0.49) | 4.17 (−1.17–9.67) |
| Voluntary retirement | 3.79 (3.58–4.00) | 0.08 (−0.13–0.30) | 0.00 (ref) | 2.17 (−1.00–0.53) |
| Never poor job | 3.89 (3.67–4.11) | −0.08 (−0.29–0.14) | −0.13 (−0.40–0.15) | 0.17 (−3.00–3.17) |
| Poor job some waves | 3.61 (3.40–3.82) | −0.01 (−0.23–0.20) | −0.20 (−0.48–0.07) | −1.17 (−4.33–2.00) |
| Poor jobs most waves | 3.82 (3.59–4.06) | −0.24 (0.48–0.01) | −0.32 (−0.61– − 0.03)* | −3.17 (−6.83–0.50) |
Notes: ^p < 0.1, *p < 0.05,**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. aAdjustments made for baseline characteristics: age, sex, health condition and health score. bSignificance refers to the difference between the group and the reference category (voluntary retirees). cSignificance refers to whether there was a change in the group’s health or physical activity. On all scales higher scores represent better health/ more physical activity