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. 2016 Aug 26;6:32265. doi: 10.1038/srep32265

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(A) The normal (black circle) and cryptorchid (red circle) mouse testes. (B) Photographs of the testes of mice with cryptorchidism (the top panel) and the corresponding testis index (the bottom panel). The testis samples were obtained at 3, 7, 14, 21 days after the cryptorchidism surgery on mice. The testis index was expressed as (testis weight/body weight) *100%. Con: control, UT: Untreated side, T: Treated side. (C) HE analysis of the testes of mice with cryptorchidism. The testis sections were obtained at 3, 7, 14, 21 days after the cryptorchidism surgery on mice. The testes from the treated and untreated sides 3 days after surgery showed no differences from those of control mice. By 7 days after surgery, the testes with cryptorchidism showed internal morphological damage and an absence of mature sperm. By 14 days after surgery, cavitation was observed in the testes with cryptorchidism in addition to a damaged morphology and lack of mature sperm. By 21 days after surgery, the morphology of sperm from the testes with cryptorchidism was completely destroyed, with no internal structure remaining in all levels of germ cells and mature sperm. At the same time, spermatogenesis did not change significantly in the untreated testes compared to the control mice. Bar = 50 μm for all images. *p < 0.05.