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. 2016 Aug 26;7(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s13287-016-0375-3

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Effect of TGFβ on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. a Triglyceride production by hMSCs, 9 days after incubation with adipogenic differentiation medium in the absence (white shading) and presence (black shading) of 125 ng/ml BMP2 and increasing concentrations of TGFβ1. The enhancing effect of BMP2 is not significant, while the inhibitory effect of TGFβ is significant (p < 0.01) above 1 ng/ml. b Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hMSCs, 7 days after incubation with osteogenic differentiation medium in the absence (white shading) and presence (black shading) of 125 ng/ml BMP2 and increasing concentrations of TGFβ1. Enhancing effect of BMP2 is significant (p < 0.01) at all data points, while the inhibitory effect of TGFβ is significant (p < 0.01) above 1 ng/ml. c TGFβ-induced switch from adipogenic to osteogenic differentiation. ALP staining (after 7 days) and Oil Red O (ORO) staining (after 9 days) following incubation of hMSCs in adipogenic differentiation medium containing 125 ng/ml BMP2 and the indicated concentrations of TGFβ1. BMP bone morphogenetic protein, TGFβ transforming growth factor beta