. 2016 Jul 27;17(8):1218. doi: 10.3390/ijms17081218

Table 1.

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study population.

	Normal Weight	NO NAFLD	NAFLD	p Value *
No. patients	130	328	268	<0.0001
Age, years	10.6 (3.5)	10.1 (2.9)	11.2 (2.9) ^d	<0.0001
Male sex, n (%)	61 (46.9)	151 (46.0)	166 (61.9) ^a,d	<0.0001
BMI-SD score	0.17 (0.85)	1.85 (0.45) ^a	2.0 (0.45) ^a,d	<0.0001
Waist circumference, cm	65 (10)	82 (12) ^a	92 (13) ^a,d	<0.0001
Systolic BP, mmHg	102 (11)	107 (12) ^b	114 (12) ^a,d	<0.0001
Diastolic BP, mmHg	63 (7)	65 (9) ^c	69 (8) ^a,d	<0.0001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	166 (145–186)	161 (139–187)	159 (137–181)	0.077
LDL-C	92 (72–118)	94 (76–115)	94 (74–111)	0.78
HDL-C, mg/dL	56 (50–83)	51 (44–60) ^a	46 (38–53) ^a,d	<0.0001
Triglycerides, mg/dL	62 (50–83)	70 (50–99)	89 (58–127) ^a,d	<0.0001
AST, U/L	22 (20–30)	23 (20–27) ^c	26 (21–35) ^a,d	<0.0001
ALT, U/L	16 (13–20)	18 (14–23) ^b	31 (19–54) ^a,d	<0.0001
Uric acid	0.21 (0.18–0.25)	0.25 (0.22–0.29) ^a	0.28 (0.24–0.34) ^a,d	<0.0001
Glucose, mg/dL	83 (7)	83 (7)	85 (11)	0.002
Insulin, μU/mL	7.5 (4.3–10.5)	11.1 (7.5–15.4) ^a	15.2 (10.1–23.2) ^a,d	<0.0001
HOMA-IR	1.58 (0.90–2.20)	2.30 (1.55–3.22) ^a	3.23 (2.05–5.0) ^a,d	<0.0001
WBISI	-	6.5 (4.5–9.0)	3.5 (2.4–5.6) ^d	-
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²	108 (100–118)	115 (104–134) ^a	115 (96–132) ^a	<0.0001
eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m², n (%)	1 (0.77)	22 (6.7) ^b	47 (17.5) ^a,d	<0.0001
eGFR > 139 mL/min/1.73 m², n (%)	6 (4.6)	56 (17.0) ^a	46 (17.2) ^a	0.002
Microalbuminuria, n (%)	0	13 (4.0) ^a	25 (9.3) ^a,d	<0.0001

Results are expressed as n (%), mean (standard devation), or median (interquartile ranges). * Anova or Kruskal-Wallis test; ^a p < 0.0001; ^b p < 0.01; ^c p < 0.05 vs. controls; ^d p < 0.0001 vs. obese children without NAFLD; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI-SD score, Body mass index- standard deviation score; BP, Blood pressure; LDL-C, Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; WBISI, Whole-body insulin sensitivity index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.