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. 2016 Jul 4;44(14):6625–6638. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw600

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© The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 1. — Transcriptional interference (TI) and its modulation. (A) The mechanisms of TI which are operative when a target promoter (orange) and an interfering promoter (black) are non-overlapping and convergent. Elongating RNAPs can remove TFs or promoter-bound RNAP from the DNA (dislodgement) or block their binding (occlusion). Head-to-head ‘collisions’ between elongating RNAPs can cause termination of one or both RNAPs. (B) Modulation of TI is a simple way to reverse the effect of a transcription factor. In this example, repression of the interfering promoter modulates TI so that the target promoter experiences an activating effect.