. 2016 Aug 26;11(8):e0161897. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161897

Table 2. Hazard ratios of outcomes according to sex, age, and comorbidity, obtained using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.

	NPDR		PDR		DME
Variable	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^† (95% CI)	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^† (95% CI)	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^† (95% CI)
Diabetic nephroropathy	5.90(5.53, 6.30)^***	5.01(4.68, 5.37)^***	11.1(9.42, 13.0)^***	9.70(8.15, 11.5)^***	1.74(1.06, 2.87)^*	1.49(0.88, 2.51)
Gender (Women vs Men)	0.96(0.90, 1.02)	0.97(0.91, 1.04)	1.07(0.92, 1.24)	0.99(0.85, 1.15)	1.78(1.12, 2.81)^*	1.95(1.23, 3.10)^**
Age, years	1.00(0.99, 1.00)	0.99(0.99, 1.00)^***	0.97(0.96, 0.97)^***	0.96(0.96, 0.97)^***	0.97(0.97, 0.98)^***	1.02(1.00, 1.04)
Baseline comorbidities (yes vs no)
Hypertension	1.77(1.65, 1.90)^***	1.22(1.10, 1.37)^***	1.43(1.22, 1.67)^***	1.33(1.02, 1.73)^*	2.30(1.39, 3.82)^**	1.47(0.71, 3.04)
CVA	1.77(1.65, 1.91)^***	1.11(0.99, 1.25)	1.39(1.18, 1.64)^***	1.08(0.82,1.41)	2.565(1.48, 4.45)^***	1.86(0.84, 4.10)
DPN	4.19(3.54, 4.96)^***	2.03(1.71, 2.41)^***	6.48(4.76, 8.82)^***	2.95(2.16, 4.04)^***	3.89(1.23, 12.3)^*	3.00(0.93, 9.73)
Dyslipidemia	1.95(1.83, 2.09)^***	1.21(1.12, 1.31)^***	1.62(1.39, 1.88)^***	0.86(0.71,1.03)	1.27(0.82, 1.98)	0.96(0.56,1.64)
Medication
Statin	1.91(1.78, 2.06)^***	1.17(1.08, 1.27)^***	1.69(1.43, 2.00)^***	1.09(0.90, 1.32)	2.08(1.27, 3.39)^**	2.06(1.15, 3.69)^*
Fibrate	1.76(1.63, 1.89)^***	1.03(0.94, 1.12)	1.75(1.47, 2.07)^***	1.12(0.92, 1.37)	0.86(0.45, 1.62)	0.56(0.28, 1.12)
Antihypertensive medications	1.44(1.35, 1.54)^***	1.03(0.96, 1.12)	1.09(0.94, 1.26)	0.99(0.83, 1.18)	1.17(0.75, 1.82)	0.61(0.37, 1.01)

Crude HR: relative hazard ratio; Adjusted HR^†: adjusted hazard ratio after controlling for age, sex, comorbidities (hypertension, CVA, DPN, and dyslipidemia), and medication (use of statin, fibrate, and antihypertension medication);

*P < 0.05,

**P < 0.01,

***P < 0.001.