Table 1.
Comparison of basal forebrain cholinergic neuron differentiation protocols
| Differentiation protocol | Nilbratt et al. [39] | Bissonnette et al. ([32], BMP9 treatment) | Bissonnette et al. ([32], nucleofection), Duan et al. [40] | Liu et al. [41] | Crompton et al. [37] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration (days) | ND | 34 | 34 | 45 | 90 |
| Efficiency (ChAT+ cells) | 69–78 % | 85 % | 65 %; 94 % after FACS purification | 38 % | >90 % |
| Growth factors | BDNF, CNTF, EGF, FGF2, NGF, NT-3 | BMP9, EGF, FGF2, FGF8, NGF, RA, SHH | EGF, FGF2, FGF8, NGF, RA, SHH | BDNF, BMP9, cAMP, IGF-1, NGF, SHH | EGF, FGF2, SMI |
| Developmental markers (protein, mRNA) | BF-1, DLX1, DLX2, GBX2, GSH2, ISL1, LHX8, MASH1, NKX2.1 | FORSE1 | FORSE1, FOXG1, MASH1, NKX2.1 | FOXG1, ISL1, MASH1, NKX2.1, OLIG2 | FOXG1, ISL1, LHX8, NKX2.1 |
| Maturity markers (protein, mRNA) | ChAT, nAChRs, NMDAR, mAChRs, MAP2, p75NTR, TrkA, β-III-tubulin | AChE, Calbindin, ChAT, MAP2, p75NTR, TrkA, vAChT | ChAT, MAP2, p75NTR, vAChT | ChAT, p75NTR, SYN-1, β-III-tubulin, vAChT | ChAT, MAP2, p75NTR, SYN-1, β-III-tubulin, vAChT |
| Physiological function | Ca2+ response to ACh | ACh production and release |
ACh production and release Functional voltage-gated channels |
Spontaneous action potentials |
ACh production and release Functional voltage-gated channels and cholinergic receptors Spontaneous action potentials |