Table 3. Results from multilevel models testing G3 norms as mediators of the association between G2 marijuana use and G3 substance use (N = 216).

Parameter	Alcohol Use						Marijuana Use

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE
Initial level at age 10 (intercept)	-0.675	4.154	0.723	4.353	1.558	4.263	-10.682	7.880	-11.622	8.299	-8.770	8.324
Time-fixed predictors of intercept
SSDP G2 age at child birth	-0.430^*	0.206	-0.461^*	0.214	-0.450^*	0.212	-0.174	0.351	-0.115	0.368	-0.182	0.373
G2 education	0.429	0.364	0.457	0.374	0.460	0.368	0.598	0.569	0.554	0.578	0.583	0.593
G3 female	2.522^*	0.991	2.881^*	1.028	2.488^*	1.022	2.899	1.511	3.815^*	1.591	3.276^*	1.637
SSDP G2 depression at age 24	-0.219	0.194	-0.046	0.188	-0.247	0.198	-0.031	0.285	0.241	0.279	0.013	0.285
G1 historical MJ use	0.940	1.059	1.089	1.016	1.283	1.005	1.734	1.468	1.867	1.451	2.262	1.398
SSDP G2 high school MJ use	0.222^*	0.110	0.208	0.115	0.205	0.113	-0.103	0.388	-0.265	0.384	-0.313	0.425
SSDP G2 early adult MJ use	0.093	0.078	0.062	0.080	0.102	0.078	0.033	0.162	-0.033	0.172	0.042	0.169
G3 age (slope)	-0.184	0.964	-0.337	1.011	-0.584	0.992	1.728	1.664	2.374	1.712	1.590	1.727
G3 age²	-0.028	0.029	-0.031	0.030	-0.012	0.030	-0.114^*	0.054	-0.144^*	0.054	-0.113^*	0.056
Time-fixed predictors of slope
SSDP G2 age at child birth	.057	.041	0.077	0.043	0.063	0.042	0.018	0.063	0.020	0.065	0.026	0.066
G2 education	-.029	.056	-0.029	0.057	-0.017	0.057	-0.047	0.084	-0.038	0.086	-0.030	0.089
G3 female	-.333^*	.145	-0.411^*	0.151	-0.349^*	0.150	-0.496^*	0.225	-0.647^*	0.234	-0.580^*	0.244
SSDP G2 depression at age 24	.036	.028	-0.147	0.144	0.034	0.029	0.026	0.040	-0.029	0.039	0.009	0.041
G1 historical MJ use	-.148	.149	-0.029	0.020	-0.192	0.141	-0.259	0.216	-0.211	0.211	-0.292	0.202
SSDP G2 high school MJ use	-.035	.018	-0.012	0.014	-0.035	0.020	0.017	0.051	0.046	0.052	0.050	0.058
SSDP G2 early adult MJ use	-.014	.014	0.002	0.027	-0.016	0.013	-0.011	0.027	-0.004	0.028	-0.013	0.028
Time-varying covariates
G2 current MJ use	0.044	0.024	0.062^*	0.023	0.048	0.025	0.039	0.031	0.063^*	0.030	0.044	0.032
G3 own norms	1.603^*	0.331	-	-	-	-	2.256^*	0.424	-	-	-	-
G3 Perceived parent norms	-	-	1.443^*	0.353	-	-	-	-	0.834^*	0.365	-	-
G3 Perceived peer norms	-	-	-	-	1.346^*	0.223	-	-	-	-	1.274^*	0.268

p < .05.

MJ = marijuana; G1 = grandparent; G2 = parent; G3 = child.