Table 2.
Distribution of PM2.5-attributable health outcomes due to on-road mobile sources by area poverty
| Metric | Source sector | Low poverty | Medium poverty | High poverty | Very high poverty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 6) | (n = 19) | (n = 10) | (n = 7) | ||
| Impacts on PM2.5 Concentrations (μg/m3, percent of ambient concentrations) | All on-road mobile sources in region | 1.09 (10.9 %) | 1.14 (11.2 %) | 1.21 (11.6 %) | 1.64 (14.0 %) |
| All on-road mobile sources in NYC | 0.81 (8.1 %) | 0.94 (9.2 %) | 0.97 (9.3 %) | 1.39 (11.9 %) | |
| Trucks and buses in NYC | 0.51 (5.1 %) | 0.60 (5.9 %) | 0.62 (6.0 %) | 0.87 (7.5 %) | |
| Cars in NYC | 0.30 (3.0 %) | 0.33 (3.3 %) | 0.35 (3.3 %) | 0.52 (4.5 %) | |
| All on-road mobile sources outside NYC | 0.28 (2.8 %) | 0.21 (2.0 %) | 0.24 (2.3 %) | 0.25 (2.1 %) | |
| Impacts on Mortality among residents above 30 years of age PM2.5-attributable rate per 100,000 residents (95 % CI), Percent of all events (95 % CI), Percent of PM2.5-attributable events (95 % CI) |
All on-road mobile sources in region | 5.27 (3.62, 6.92) 0.58 % (0.40 %, 0.76 %) 11.8 % (8.1 %, 15.4 %) |
5.86 (4.03, 7.69) 0.63 % (0.43 %, 0.82 %) 12.6 % (8.7 %, 16.6 %) |
7.36 (5.06, 9.66) 0.7 % (0.48 %, 0.92 %) 13.7 % (9.4 %, 17.9 %) |
8.98 (6.17, 11.78) 0.88 % (0.60 %, 1.15 %) 15.3 % (10.5 %, 20.1 %) |
| All on-road mobile sources in NYC | 3.92 (2.69, 5.14) 0.43 % (0.30 %, 0.57 %) 8.7 % (6 %, 11.5 %) |
4.81 (3.31, 6.32) 0.52 % (0.35 %, 0.68 %) 10.4 % (7.1 %, 13.6 %) |
6.03 (4.14, 7.92) 0.57 % (0.39 %, 0.75 %) 11.2 % (7.7 %, 14.7 %) |
7.6 (5.22, 9.97) 0.74 % (0.51 %, 0.97 %) 12.9 % (8.9 %, 17 %) |
|
| Trucks and buses in NYC | 2.51 (1.72, 3.29) 0.28 % (0.19 %, 0.36 %) 5.6 % (3.8 %, 7.3 %) |
3.07 (2.11, 4.03) 0.33 % (0.23 %, 0.43 %) 6.6 % (4.5 %, 8.7 %) |
3.85 (2.65, 5.06) 0.37 % (0.25 %, 0.48 %) 7.2 % (4.9 %, 9.4 %) |
4.73 (3.25, 6.20) 0.46 % (0.32 %, 0.61 %) 8 % (5.5 %, 10.6 %) |
|
| Cars in NYC | 1.41 (0.97, 1.85) 0.16 % (0.11 %, 0.20 %) 3.1 % (2.2 %, 4.1 %) |
1.75 (1.20, 2.29) 0.19 % (0.13 %, 0.25 %) 3.8 % (2.6 %, 4.9 %) |
2.18 (1.50, 2.86) 0.21 % (0.14 %, 0.27 %) 4 % (2.8 %, 5.3 %) |
2.87 (1.98, 3.77) 0.28 % (0.19 %, 0.37 %) 4.9 % (3.4 %, 6.4 %) |
|
| All on-road mobile sources outside NYC | 1.35 (0.93, 1.78) 0.15 % (0.10 %, 0.20 %) 3.0 % (2.1 %, 4.0 %) |
1.05 (0.72, 1.37) 0.11 % (0.08 %, 0.15 %) 2.3 % (1.5 %, 3.0 %) |
1.33 (0.91, 1.74) 0.13 % (0.09 %, 0.17 %) 2.5 % (1.7 %, 3.2 %) |
1.38 (0.95, 1.81) 0.13 % (0.09 %, 0.18 %) 2.4 % (1.6 %, 3.1 %) |
|
| Impacts on Emergency Department Visits for Asthma among all residents (PM2.5-attributable rate per 100,000 residents (95 % CI), Percent of all events (95 % CI) Percent of PM2.5-attributable events (95 % CI) |
All on-road mobile sources in region | 2.39 (1.4, 3.39) 0.64 % (0.37 %, 0.9 %) 10.8 % (6.3 %, 15.3 %) |
4.64 (2.71, 6.58) 0.7 % (0.41 %, 1 %) 12 % (7 %, 17 %) |
9.54 (5.51, 13.56) 0.76 % (0.44 %, 1.09 %) 13.2 % (7.6 %, 18.7 %) |
19.97 (11.37, 28.56) 0.83 % (0.47 %, 1.18 %) 14.2 % (8.1 %, 20.3 %) |
| All on-road mobile sources in NYC | 1.79 (1.04, 2.53) 0.48 % (0.28 %, 0.67 %) 8.1 % (4.7 %, 11.4 %) |
3.87 (2.26, 5.47) 0.59 % (0.34 %, 0.83 %) 10 % (5.8 %, 14.1 %) |
7.89 (4.57, 11.19) 0.63 % (0.37 %, 0.9 %) 10.9 % (6.3 %, 15.5 %) |
16.96 (9.66, 24.23) 0.7 % (0.4 %, 1 %) 12.1 % (6.9 %, 17.3 %) |
|
| Trucks and buses in NYC | 1.17 (0.7, 1.65) 0.31 % (0.19 %, 0.44 %) 5.3 % (3.2 %, 7.5 %) |
2.58 (1.54, 3.62) 0.39 % (0.23 %, 0.55 %) 6.7 % (4 %, 9.4 %) |
5.21 (3.09, 7.32) 0.42 % (0.25 %, 0.59 %) 7.2 % (4.3 %, 10.1 %) |
10.98 (6.42, 15.54) 0.45 % (0.27 %, 0.64 %) 7.8 % (4.6 %, 11.1 %) |
|
| Cars in NYC | 0.61 (0.34, 0.88) 0.16 % (0.09 %, 0.23 %) 2.8 % (1.5 %, 4 %) |
1.29 (0.72, 1.85) 0.19 % (0.11 %, 0.28 %) 3.3 % (1.8 %, 4.8 %) |
2.68 (1.48, 3.87) 0.21 % (0.12 %, 0.31 %) 3.7 % (2 %, 5.3 %) |
5.97 (3.25, 8.69) 0.25 % (0.13 %, 0.36 %) 4.3 % (2.3 %, 6.2 %) |
|
| All on-road mobile sources outside NYC | 0.61 (0.36, 0.86) 0.16 % (0.1 %, 0.23 %) 2.7 % (1.6 %, 3.9 %) |
0.78 (0.45, 1.1) 0.12 % (0.07 %, 0.17 %) 2 % (1.2 %, 2.8 %) |
1.65 (0.94, 2.36) 0.13 % (0.08 %, 0.19 %) 2.3 % (1.3 %, 3.3 %) |
3.02 (1.7, 4.33) 0.12 % (0.07 %, 0.18 %) 2.1 % (1.2 %, 3.1 %) |
|
| Impacts on Hospitalizations for Cardiovascular Disease among residents over 40 years of age. (PM2.5-attributable rate per 100,000 residents (95 % CI), Percent of all events (95 % CI) Percent of PM2.5-attributable events (95 % CI) |
All on-road mobile sources in region | 1.59 (0.39, 2.78) 0.12 % (0.03 %, 0.21 %) 11.5 % (2.8 %, 20.3 %) |
2.12 (0.52, 3.71) 0.13 % (0.03 %, 0.23 %) 12.7 % (3.1 %, 22.3 %) |
2.74 (0.68, 4.8) 0.15 % (0.04 %, 0.26 %) 13.7 % (3.4 %, 24 %) |
3.81 (0.96, 6.66) 0.18 % (0.05 %, 0.32 %) 15.3 % (3.8 %, 26.7 %) |
| All on-road mobile sources in NYC | 1.15 (0.28, 2.02) 0.09 % (0.02 %, 0.15 %) 8.4 % (2.1 %, 14.7 %) |
1.75 (0.43, 3.07) 0.11 % (0.03 %, 0.19 %) 10.5 % (2.6 %, 18.4 %) |
2.25 (0.56, 3.94) 0.12 % (0.03 %, 0.22 %) 11.2 % (2.8 %, 19.7 %) |
3.23 (0.81, 5.64) 0.15 % (0.04 %, 0.27 %) 12.9 % (3.2 %, 22.6 %) |
|
| Trucks and buses in NYC | 0.72 (0.17, 1.28) 0.05 % (0.01 %, 0.09 %) 5.3 % (1.2 %, 9.3 %) |
1.1 (0.26, 1.94) 0.07 % (0.02 %, 0.12 %) 6.6 % (1.6 %, 11.6 %) |
1.42 (0.34, 2.5) 0.08 % (0.02 %, 0.14 %) 7.1 % (1.7 %, 12.5 %) |
1.99 (0.48, 3.49) 0.1 % (0.02 %, 0.17 %) 8 % (1.9 %, 14 %) |
|
| Cars in NYC | 0.43 (0.11, 0.75) 0.03 % (0.01 %, 0.06 %) 3.1 % (0.8 %, 5.4 %) |
0.65 (0.17, 1.13) 0.04 % (0.01 %, 0.07 %) 3.9 % (1 %, 6.8 %) |
0.83 (0.22, 1.45) 0.05 % (0.01 %, 0.08 %) 4.2 % (1.1 %, 7.2 %) |
1.24 (0.33, 2.15) 0.06 % (0.02 %, 0.1 %) 5 % (1.3 %, 8.6 %) |
|
| All on-road mobile sources outside NYC | 0.43 (0.1, 0.76) 0.03 % (0.01 %, 0.06 %) 3.2 % (0.8 %, 5.5 %) |
0.37 (0.09, 0.65) 0.02 % (0.01 %, 0.04 %) 2.2 % (0.6 %, 3.9 %) |
0.49 (0.12, 0.86) 0.03 % (0.01 %, 0.05 %) 2.5 % (0.6 %, 4.3 %) |
0.58 (0.15, 1.01) 0.03 % (0.01 %, 0.05 %) 2.3 % (0.6 %, 4.1 %) |
|
| Impacts on Hospitalizations for Respiratory Disease among residents above 20 years of age (PM2.5-attributable rate per 100,000 residents(95 % CI), Percent of all events (95 % CI) Percent of PM2.5-attributable events (95 % CI) |
All on-road mobile sources in region | 1.13 (0.42, 1.85) 0.55 (0.22, 0.89) 11 % (4.1 %, 18 %) |
1.44 (0.55, 2.34) 0.25 % (0.09 %, 0.4 %) 12.1 % (4.6 %, 19.6 %) |
2.04 (0.8, 3.29) 0.28 % (0.11 %, 0.46 %) 13.4 % (5.2 %, 21.5 %) |
3.58 (1.43, 5.71) 0.33 % (0.13 %, 0.52 %) 14.7 % (5.9 %, 23.5 %) |
| All on-road mobile sources in NYC | 0.84 (0.31, 1.37) 0.16 % (0.06 %, 0.27 %) 8.1 % (3 %, 13.3 %) |
1.19 (0.45, 1.93) 0.2 % (0.08 %, 0.33 %) 10 % (3.8 %, 16.1 %) |
1.69 (0.66, 2.71) 0.23 % (0.09 %, 0.38 %) 11 % (4.3 %, 17.7 %) |
3.02 (1.21, 4.83) 0.28 % (0.11 %, 0.44 %) 12.4 % (5 %, 19.8 %) |
|
| Trucks and buses in NYC | 0.54 (0.2, 0.88) 0.11 % (0.04 %, 0.17 %) 5.3 % (1.9 %, 8.6 %) |
0.77 (0.29, 1.24) 0.13 % (0.05 %, 0.21 %) 6.4 % (2.4 %, 10.4 %) |
1.08 (0.42, 1.74) 0.15 % (0.06 %, 0.24 %) 7.1 % (2.8 %, 11.4 %) |
1.87 (0.75, 2.99) 0.17 % (0.07 %, 0.27 %) 7.7 % (3.1 %, 12.3 %) |
|
| Cars in NYC | 0.3 (0.11, 0.48) 0.06 % (0.02 %, 0.1 %) 2.9 % (1.1 %, 4.7 %) |
0.42 (0.16, 0.69) 0.07 % (0.03 %, 0.12 %) 3.5 % (1.3 %, 5.8 %) |
0.6 (0.23, 0.97) 0.08 % (0.03 %, 0.13 %) 3.9 % (1.5 %, 6.3 %) |
1.15 (0.46, 1.84) 0.11 % (0.04 %, 0.17 %) 4.7 % (1.9 %, 7.5 %) |
|
| All on-road mobile sources outside NYC | 0.3 (0.11, 0.48) 0.06 % (0.02 %, 0.09 %) 2.9 % (1.1 %, 4.7 %) |
0.25 (0.09, 0.41) 0.04 % (0.02 %, 0.07 %) 2.1 % (0.8 %, 3.4 %) |
0.36 (0.14, 0.58) 0.05 % (0.02 %, 0.08 %) 2.4 % (0.9 %, 3.8 %) |
0.55 (0.22, 0.89) 0.05 % (0.02 %, 0.08 %) 2.3 % (0.9 %, 3.6 %) |
|
| Baseline Outcome Rates (rate per 100,000 residents) | All-cause mortality (ages 30 and above) | 907.5 | 934.2 | 1051.1 | 1024.6 |
| Emergency department visits for asthma (all ages) | 374.9 | 659.5 | 1248.4 | 2416.1 | |
| Hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease (ages 40 and above) | 1354.9 | 1589.3 | 1824.5 | 2089.1 | |
| Hospitalizations for respiratory disease (ages 20 and above) | 508.9 | 589.0 | 722.8 | 1089.0 |