Table 4.
Pre-dialysis levels of antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress biomarkers at the end of run-in and of either HFR-S or HFR treatments
| End of run-in | End of HFR-S | End of HFR | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin C (μmol/L) | 20.0 (11–32) | 21.5 (12–43) | 20.0 (10–31) |
| Vitamin A (μmol/L) | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 2.6 ± 1.0a | 3.0 ± 1.2 |
| Vitamin E (μmol/L) | 20.2 ± 5.2 | 20.9 ± 5.9 | 20.9 ± 5.7 |
| RBP (μmol/L) | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 6.5 ± 1.6a, b | 6.9 ± 1.6b |
| Total lipids (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.7 |
| Vitamin A/RBP (μmol/μmol) | 0.47 ± 0.17 | 0.40 ± 0.11b | 0.42 ± 0.13c |
| Vitamin E/lipids (μmol/mmol) | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 3.6 ± 0. 9 | 3.4 ± 0.8 |
| AOPP (μmol/L) | 28.4 (25–37) | 21.7 (20–26)d | - |
| 35.8 (24–45) | - | 27.3 (21–34)d | |
| TAS (mmol/L) | 1.88 (1.7–2.2) | 1.41 (1.3–1.6)d | - |
| 1.99 (1.8–2.2) | - | 1.43 (1.4–1.5)d |
For all parameters but AOPP and TAS, only patients who completed the study were included in the analysis and cumulative data of the two treatment periods in HFR-S/HFR are represented. For AOPP and TAS only data of the first treatment period were available, hence all patients who reached this stage of the study were included in the analysis. Data are expressed either as mean ± SD or, in case of not normally distributed data, as median (IQR)
a = p < 0.05 vs HFR, n = 29, Cross-analysis [39]
b = p < 0.01 and c = p < 0.05 vs End of run-in, n = 29, ANOVA for repeated measures
d = p < 0.01 vs End of run-in, n = 14 (HFR-S) or 16 (HFR), Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test