Table 1.

Snake samples used for this study

Infraoder	Superfamily	Family	Species	Abbrev.	2n a	No. of used animals
Scolecophidia		Typhlopidae	Typhlops sp.	TYP	30 (M: 16, m: 14)b	1 unknow sex
			Indotyphlops braminus	IBR	42 (M: 21, m: 21)c	1 female
Alethinophidia	Henophidia	Tropidophiidae	Tropidophis haetianus haetianus	THA	un	1 male
		Boidae	Boa constrictor	BCO	36 (M: 16, m: 20)	1 male, 1 female
		Cylindrophiidae	Cylindrophis ruffus	CRU	un	1 unknow sex
		Xenopeltidae	Xenopeltis unicolor	XUN	36 (M: 16, m: 20)d	1 male
		Pythonidae	Python bivittatus	PBI	36 (M: 16, m: 20)	1 male, 1 female
			Python molurus	PMO	36 (M: 16, m: 20)	1 male, 1 female
	Caenophidia	Acrochordidae	Acrochordus arafurae	AAR	36e	1 male, 1 female
			Acrochordus granulatus	AGR	36 (M: 16, m: 20)f	1 male
		Viperidae	Protobothrops flavoviridis	PFL	36 (M: 16, m: 20)	2 males, 2 females
			Gloydius blomhoffii	GBL	36 (M: 16, m: 20)	1 male, 1 female
			Bitis arietans arietans	BAR	36 (M: 16, m: 20)	1 male, 1 female
			Naja kaouthia	NKA	38 (M: 16, m: 22)g	1 male, 1 female
		Elapidae	Elaphe quadrivirgata	EQU	36 (M: 16, m: 20)	1 male, 2 females, embryos
		Colubridae	Lycodon semicarinatum	LSE	34 (M: 16, m: 18)h	1 male, 1 female
			Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus	RTI	40 (M: 16, m: 24)	1 male, 1 female

^aThe numbers of macrochromosomes (M) and microchromosomes (m) are shown in parentheses. un, the karyotypes have not been identified yet.

^bThe karyotype was identified in our lab [Matsubara et al., unpublished data]

^cThe karyotypic information is derived from Ota et al. [66]

^dThe karyotypic information is derived from Singh et al. [30], and Cole and Dowling [67]

^eThe karyotypic information is derived from CHROMOREP [68]

^fThe karyotypic information is derived from Sharma and Nakhasi [52, 53]

^gThe karyotypic information is derived from Singh [8] and Ray-Chaudhuri et al. [69]

^hThe karyotypic information is derived from Toriba [70]