Table 3.
Comparison of physical examinations and laboratory data of patients with type 2 diabetes with and without tongue manifestations of blood stasis
| Variables | Bluish tongue | p-value | Petechiae | p-value | Engorged sublingual collateral vessels | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without (n = 106) | With (n = 34) | Without (n = 118) | With (n = 22) | Without (n = 36) | With (n = 99) | ||||
| BMI(kg/m2) | 25.53 ± 3.56 | 27.01 ± 4.69 | 0.09 | 25.85 ± 4.10 | 26.30 ± 3.23 | 0.65 | 26.04 ± 3.25 | 25.96 ± 4.25 | 0.94 |
| Waistline(cm) | 87.10 ± 9.96 | 89.50 ± 11.36 | 0.33 | 87.13 ± 10.26 | 89.85 ± 10.55 | 0.30 | 87.87 ± 7.90 | 87.76 ± 11.17 | 0.97 |
| Hipline(cm) | 95.86 ± 7.75 | 97.84 ± 9.57 | 0.31 | 96.33 ± 8.70 | 96.51 ± 6.49 | 0.93 | 96.36 ± 4.43 | 96.59 ± 9.22 | 0.88 |
| Systolic pressure(mmHg) | 122.44 ± 13.84 | 129.28 ± 13.39 | 0.06 | 123.04 ± 13.96 | 131.50 ± 11.98 | 0.10 | 121.61 ± 13.60 | 124.18 ± 14.04 | 0.45 |
| Diastolic pressure(mmHg) | 71.44 ± 4.04 | 73.72 ± 4.86 | 0.04 | 71.61 ± 4.24 | 74.75 ± 3.81 | 0.05 | 71.87 ± 4.71 | 71.79 ± 4.18 | 0.94 |
| Foot examination score | 1.49 ± 1.62 | 1.26 ± 1.18 | 0.53 | 1.41 ± 1.51 | 1.50 ± 1.54 | 0.81 | 1.21 ± 1.35 | 1.46 ± 1.53 | 0.51 |
| ABI(L) | 1.10 ± 0.11 | 1.12 ± 0.09 | 0.36 | 1.10 ± 0.11 | 1.15 ± 0.09 | 0.07 | 1.06 ± 0.15 | 1.12 ± 0.09 | 0.05 |
| ABI(R) | 1.13 ± 0.09 | 1.12 ± 0.12 | 0.66 | 1.12 ± 0.11 | 1.15 ± 0.06 | 0.17 | 1.10 ± 0.13 | 1.13 ± 0.07 | 0.28 |
| ba-PWV(L)(cm/sec) | 1743.10 ± 360.03 | 1817.88 ± 316.40 | 0.36 | 1723.99 ± 302.16 | 1938.41 ± 469.54 | 0.02 | 1725.53 ± 368.85 | 1761.38 ± 348.82 | 0.71 |
| ba-PWV(R)(cm/sec) | 1760.39 ± 366.31 | 1831.88 ± 305.58 | 0.38 | 1741.99 ± 325.82 | 1937.28 ± 405.55 | 0.03 | 1710.88 ± 383.36 | 1787.58 ± 346.15 | 0.43 |
| HbA1c(%) | 7.06 ± 1.11 | 6.94 ± 1.01 | 0.59 | 7.05 ± 1.08 | 6.94 ± 1.13 | 0.66 | 7.16 ± 1.33 | 6.97 ± 0.97 | 0.38 |
| AC sugar(mg/dl) | 137.05 ± 34.33 | 136.29 ± 25.85 | 0.91 | 137.33 ± 33.33 | 134.41 ± 27.10 | 0.70 | 139.09 ± 44.13 | 135.90 ± 27.37 | 0.69 |
| Cholesterol(mg/dl) | 168.97 ± 34.17 | 168.03 ± 34.90 | 0.89 | 170.01 ± 34.69 | 162.09 ± 31.57 | 0.32 | 168.97 ± 37.21 | 169.10 ± 33.33 | 0.98 |
| TG(mg/dl) | 116.70 ± 62.92 | 145.47 ± 86.96 | 0.04 | 118.84 ± 67.86 | 149.95 ± 79.17 | 0.06 | 139.74 ± 76.76 | 119.10 ± 69.06 | 0.14 |
| HDL(mg/dl) | 50.17 ± 13.88 | 44.32 ± 11.97 | 0.03 | 49.90 ± 14.19 | 42.59 ± 7.88 | 0.02 | 47.83 ± 12.89 | 49.45 ± 14.09 | 0.55 |
| LDL(mg/dl) | 96.05 ± 27.10 | 91.19 ± 24.12 | 0.35 | 95.68 ± 26.37 | 90.50 ± 26.72 | 0.40 | 98.17 ± 29.54 | 93.59 ± 25.37 | 0.38 |
| Cr(mg/dl) | 0.93 ± 0.50 | 0.99 ± 0.43 | 0.56 | 0.94 ± 0.50 | 0.96 ± 0.40 | 0.89 | 0.90 ± 0.30 | 0.97 ± 0.54 | 0.47 |
| GOT(U/L) | 27.88 ± 15.69 | 32.03 ± 21.16 | 0.30 | 28.66 ± 17.61 | 30.32 ± 15.62 | 0.68 | 29.22 ± 19.24 | 28.92 ± 16.99 | 0.93 |
| GPT(U/L) | 27.66 ± 15.76 | 33.59 ± 31.47 | 0.30 | 28.76 ± 20.72 | 31.09 ± 21.85 | 0.63 | 29.79 ± 19.02 | 29.30 ± 21.90 | 0.91 |
| Microalbumin(mg/day) | 286.79 ± 982.78 | 374.99 ± 1094.05 | 0.67 | 352.04 ± 1096.11 | 95.14 ± 205.03 | 0.03 | 244.97 ± 731.47 | 339.18 ± 1111.65 | 0.67 |
Values represented as mean ± SD. p-values performed by independent t test
HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, AC sugar fasting blood-glucose level, TG triglyceride, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, Cr Creatinine, GOT glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GPT glutamate pyruvate transaminase, BMI body mass index, ABI ankle brachial index, ba-PWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity