Table 2.
Demographics and baseline characteristics in TIPS and serial LVP cohorts, stratified by eGFR at baseline.
| eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TIPS | LVP | P value | TIPS | LVP | P value | |
| (n = 93) | (n = 62) | (n = 45) | (n = 76) | |||
| Age (ys) | 59 (10) | 63 (12) | 0.01 | 55 (11) | 55 (11) | 0.9 |
| Female sex | 35 (38%) | 19 (31%) | 0.4 | 11 (24%) | 25 (33%) | 0.3 |
| White race | 79 (85%) | 47 (76%) | 0.2 | 38 (84%) | 59 (78%) | 0.4 |
| Non-Hispanic ethnicity | 87 (94%) | 56 (90%) | 0.5 | 43 (96%) | 71 (93%) | 0.6 |
| Co-morbidities* | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 34 (37%) | 35 (56%) | 0.01 | 15 (33%) | 20 (26%) | 0.4 |
| Hypertension | 43 (46%) | 51 (82%) | <0.001 | 16 (36%) | 48 (63%) | 0.003 |
| Coronary artery disease | 28 (30%) | 16 (26%) | 0.6 | 7 (16%) | 11 (14%) | 0.9 |
| Etiology of cirrhosis | 0.4 | 0.02 | ||||
| NASH | 9 (10%) | 6 (10%) | 7 (16%) | 3 (4%) | ||
| Alcohol | 26 (28%) | 19 (31%) | 16 (36%) | 16 (21%) | ||
| HCV infection | 20 (22%) | 9 (15%) | 8 (18%) | 23 (30%) | ||
| Mixed etiology | 16 (17%) | 6 (10%) | 6 (13%) | 8 (11%) | ||
| Other | 22 (24%) | 22 (35%) | 8 (18%) | 26 (34%) | ||
| Listed for liver transplant | 37 (41%) | 27 (44%) | 0.8 | 16 (36%) | 23 (31%) | 0.5 |
| MELD score | 20 (8) | 20 (8) | 0.6 | 12 (5) | 13 (6) | 0.5 |
| No. paracenteses, per 90 d** | 6.3 (4.6) | 5.7 (3.8) | 0.5 | 4.9 (2.9) | 4.9 (3.6) | 0.9 |
| Prior history of encephalopathy*** | 40 (46%) | 26 (42%) | 0.6 | 16 (37%) | 43 (57%) | 0.04 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 79 (12) | 82 (15) | 0.3 | 78 (10) | 82 (15) | 0.07 |
| On furosemide**** | 66 (80%) | 39 (63%) | 0.03 | 36 (86%) | 58 (76%) | 0.2 |
| Furosemide dose***** (mg/d) | 75 (69) | 44 (64) | 0.01 | 60 (44) | 43 (41) | 0.04 |
| On spironolactone****** | 58 (71%) | 24 (39%) | <0.001 | 36 (86%) | 51 (67%) | 0.03 |
| Spironolactone dose (mg/d) | 91 (98) | 35 (63) | <0.001 | 129 (101) | 78 (77) | 0.01 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 135 (5) | 134 (4) | 0.3 | 131 (5) | 133 (5) | 0.03 |
| SUN; mg/dL | 43 (22) | 43 (23) | 0.8 | 17 (8) | 16 (10) | 0.6 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.1 (1.0) | 2.7 (1.9) | 0.03 | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 36 (13) | 33 (16) | 0.1 | 85 (17) | 94 (18) | 0.01 |
| AST (U/L) | 105 (184) | 59 (88) | 0.04 | 85 (101) | 114 (95) | 0.1 |
| ALT (U/L) | 60 (104) | 36 (77) | 0.1 | 47 (66) | 76 (97) | 0.05 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 160 (127) | 147 (89) | 0.5 | 122 (60) | 257 (331) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 3.9 (6.1) | 4.8 (7.9) | 0.5 | 2.3 (1.8) | 5.3 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.9 (0.6) | 2.9 (0.6) | 0.8 | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.5) | 0.3 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.4) | 0.5 | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 0.8 |
| White blood cells (103/µL) | 6.7 (3.9) | 7.1 (4.5) | 0.6 | 7.5 (3.3) | 7.5 (5.1) | 0.9 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.9 (1.5) | 9.9 (1.9) | 0.9 | 10.6 (1.7) | 10.7 (2.2) | 0.8 |
| Platelets (103/µL) | 107 (67) | 140 (104) | 0.03 | 132 (86) | 124 (88) | 0.7 |
eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate), TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt), LVP (large-volume paracentesis), NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease), AST (aspartate transferase), ALT (alanine transferase). SUN, serum urea nitrogen; HCV, hepatitis C virus
Note: Values for categorical variables are given as number (percentage); for continuous variables, as mean ± standard deviation. Baseline values were taken immediately before TIPS placement, or closest available to day 0 of follow-up for the LVP cohort. Conversion factors for units: bilirubin in mg/dL to µmol/L, ×17.1; creatinine in mg/dL to µmol/L, ×88.4; SUN in mg/dL to mmol/L, ×0.357;
Comorbidities were documented by International Classification of Diseases,-Ninth Revision, code prior to study enrollment per electronic database review.
Available for 107/138 subjects in the TIPS cohort and all subjects in the LVP cohort.
Available for 268/276 subjects.
Available for 263/276 subjects.
Converted to equivalent dose of furosemide if on another loop diuretic
Available for 262/276 subjects.