Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and hospital characteristics of patients who received percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) from 2006–2012.
| Image Guided PLB (N=26,941) |
Outpatient Image Guided PLB (N=15,608) |
Inpatient Image Guided PLB (N=11,333) |
ORa (95% CI) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | <0.001 | |||||
| <60 | 8,057 (29.91) | 4,744 (30.39) | 3,313 (29.23) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.9 | |
| 60–69 | 7,498 (27.83) | 4,553 (29.17) | 2,945 (25.99) | Reference | ||
| 70–79 | 7,190 (26.69) | 4,173 (26.74) | 3,017 (26.62) | 0.94 (0.87, 1.02) | 0.2 | |
| ≥80 | 4,196 (15.57) | 2,138 (13.70) | 2,058 (18.16) | 0.75 (0.69, 0.82) | <0.001 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 14,301 (53.08) | 8,137 (52.13) | 6,164 (54.39) | Reference | ||
| Female | 12,640 (46.92) | 7,471 (47.87) | 5,169 (45.61) | 1.21 (1.14, 1.27) | <0.001 | |
| Race | <0.001 | |||||
| White | 18,267 (67.80) | 11,382 (72.92) | 6,885 (60.75) | Reference | ||
| Black | 2,871 (10.66) | 1,288 (8.25) | 1,584 (13.98) | 0.74 (0.67, 0.81) | <0.001 | |
| Hispanic | 1,013 (3.76) | 384 (2.46) | 629 (5.55) | 0.66 (0.55, 0.81) | <0.001 | |
| Other | 4,789 (17.78) | 2,554 (16.36) | 2,235 (19.72) | 0.87 (0.75, 0.99) | <0.05 | |
| Marital Status | <0.001 | |||||
| Married | 13,224 (49.09) | 8,433 (54.03) | 4,791 (42.27) | Reference | ||
| Single | 10,609 (39.38) | 5,438 (34.84) | 5,171 (45.63) | 0.76 (0.71, 0.81) | <0.001 | |
| Unknown | 3,108 (11.54) | 1,737 (11.13) | 1,371 (12.10) | 1.01 (0.64, 1.58) | 0.9 | |
| Insurance Status | <0.001 | |||||
| Medicare | 15,148 (56.23) | 8,590 (55.04) | 6,558 (57.87) | Reference | ||
| Medicaid | 1,925 (7.15) | 797 (5.11) | 1,128 (9.95) | 0.64 (0.57, 0.74) | <0.001 | |
| Commercial | 7,963 (29.56) | 5,322 (34.10) | 2,641 (23.30) | 1.24 (1.16, 1.33) | <0.001 | |
| Uninsured | 1,229 (4.56) | 509 (3.26) | 720 (6.35) | 0.55 (0.45, 0.67) | <0.001 | |
| Other/ Unknown | 676 (2.51) | 390 (2.50) | 286 (2.52) | 0.88 (0.74, 1.04) | 0.1 | |
| Cancer Site | <0.001 | |||||
| Liver Only | 3,639 (13.51) | 2,265 (14.51) | 1,374 (12.12) | 1.279 (1.17, 1.40) | <0.001 | |
| Combination | 5,029 (18.67) | 3,620 (23.19) | 1,409 (12.43) | 2.245 (2.02, 2.49) | <0.001 | |
| Non-liver | 18,273 (67.83) | 9,723 (62.29) | 8,550 (75.44) | Reference | ||
|
Elixhauser Comorbidity Score |
<0.001 | |||||
| 0–4 | 5,851 (21.72) | 4,490 (28.77) | 1,361 (12.01) | 2.58 (2.33, 2.86) | <0.001 | |
| 5–8 | 8,770 (32.55) | 4,548 (29.14) | 4,222 (37.25) | Reference | ||
| 9–12 | 6,401 (23.76) | 3,361 (21.53) | 3,040 (26.82) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) | 0.2 | |
| ≥13 | 5,919 (21.97) | 3,209 (20.56) | 2,710 (23.91) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.9 | |
| Year of Biopsy | <0.001 | |||||
| 2006 | 2,209 (8.20) | 891 (5.71) | 1,318 (11.63) | 0.61 (0.48, 0.77) | <0.001 | |
| 2007 | 2,486 (9.23) | 1,226 (7.85) | 1,260 (11.12) | 0.81 (0.66, 0.99) | <0.05 | |
| 2008 | 3,178 (11.80) | 1,792 (11.48) | 1,386 (12.23) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.16) | 0.8 | |
| 2009 | 3,884 (14.42) | 2,375 (15.22) | 1,509 (13.32) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.36) | 0.05 | |
| 2010 | 4,768 (17.70) | 2,859 (18.32) | 1,909 (16.84) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) | 0.3 | |
| 2011 | 5,123 (19.02) | 3,178 (20.36) | 1,945 (17.16) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) | 0.6 | |
| 2012 | 5,293 (19.65) | 3,287 (21.06) | 2,006 (17.70) | Reference | ||
| Image Type | <0.001 | |||||
| Ultrasound | 7557 (28.05) | 4,369 (27.99) | 3,188 (28.13) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) | <0.05 | |
| CT | 18,115 (67.24) | 11,200 (71.76) | 6915 (61.02) | Reference | ||
| Other | 1,269 (4.71) | 39 (0.25) | 1,230 (10.85) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.12) | <0.001 | |
| Hospital Location | ||||||
| Urban | 23,810 (88.38) | 13,388 (85.78) | 10,422 (91.96) | Reference | ||
| Rural | 3,131 (11.62) | 2,220 (14.22) | 911 (8.04) | 2.06 (1.41, 3.02) | <0.001 | |
| Region | <0.05 | |||||
| Northeast | 3,023 (11.22) | 1,217 (7.80) | 1,806 (15.94) | 0.38 (0.20, 0.72) | <0.01 | |
| Midwest | 5,168 (19.18) | 3,288 (21.07) | 1,880 (16.59) | 0.96 (0.67, 1.38) | 0.8 | |
| South | 12,967 (48.13) | 7,486 (47.96) | 5,481 (48.36) | Reference | ||
| West | 5,783 (21.47) | 3,617 (23.17) | 2,166 (19.11) | 0.64 (0.27, 1.48) | 0.3 | |
|
Teaching Hospital |
||||||
| Yes | 9,351 (34.71) | 4,885 (31.30) | 4,466 (39.41) | 1.36 (0.86, 2.17) | 0.2 | |
| No | 17,590 (65.29) | 10,723 (68.70) | 6,867 (60.59) | Reference | ||
| Bed size | 0.98 | |||||
| <400 | 13,170 (48.88) | 7,967 (51.04) | 5,203 (45.91) | Reference | ||
| 400–600 | 8,284 (30.75) | 4,550 (29.15) | 3,734 (32.95) | 1.06 (0.61, 1.84) | 0.8 | |
| >600 | 5,487 (20.37) | 3,091 (19.80) | 2,396 (21.14) | 1.01 (0.47, 2.16) | 0.9 | |
a
Odds ratios were derived from multivariable GEE model for receiving image guided PLB in outpatient versus inpatient setting. All variables listed in the table were included in the model.