Table 2.
Predictors of hemorrhage after image-guided percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) among cancer patients (N=26,941).
| Hemorrhage N (%) |
OR (95% CI) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.4 | |||
| ≤60 | 111 (1.38) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.24) | 0.7 | |
| 60–69 | 103 (1.37) | Reference | ||
| 70–79 | 96 (1.34) | 0.99 (0.73, 1.33) | 0.9 | |
| ≥80 | 75 (1.79) | 1.27 (0.88, 1.81) | 0.2 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 220 (1.54) | Reference | ||
| Female | 165 (1.31) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.19) | 0.7 | |
| Race | 0.09 | |||
| White | 224 (1.23) | Reference | ||
| Black | 51 (1.78) | 1.27 (0.88, 1.83) | 0.2 | |
| Hispanic | 23 (2.27) | 1.29 (0.76, 2.28) | 0.4 | |
| Other | 87 (1.82) | 1.45 (1.07, 1.97) | <0.05 | |
| Marital Status | 0.04 | |||
| Married | 199 (1.50) | Reference | ||
| Single | 143 (1.35) | 0.74 (0.57, 0.95) | <0.05 | |
| Unknown | 43 (1.38) | 0.73 (0.48, 1.11) | 0.1 | |
| Insurance Status | 0.5 | |||
| Medicare | 215 (1.42) | Reference | ||
| Medicaid | 34 (1.77) | 1.08 (0.70, 1.66) | 0.7 | |
| Commercial | 107 (1.34) | 1.19 (0.88, 1.61) | 0.2 | |
| Uninsured | 16 (1.30) | 0.83 (0.50, 1.38) | 0.5 | |
| Other/ Unknown | 13 (1.92) | 1.33 (0.73, 2.41) | 0.4 | |
| Cancer Site | <0.001 | |||
| Liver Only | 72 (1.98) | 1.91 (1.49, 2.45) | <0.001 | |
| Combination | 77 (1.53) | 1.49 (1.13, 1.96) | <0.01 | |
| Non-liver | 236 (1.29) | Reference | ||
|
Elixhauser Comorbidity Score |
<0.01 | |||
| 0–4 | 38 (0.65) | 0.571(0.38, 0.85) | <0.01 | |
| 5–8 | 136 (1.55) | Reference | ||
| 9–12 | 118 (1.84) | 1.21 (0.95, 1.54) | 0.1 | |
| ≥13 | 93 (1.57) | 1.04 (0.80, 1.34) | 0.8 | |
| Biopsy Setting | ||||
| In-patient | 294 (2.59) | 4.483 (3.321, 6.05) | <0.001 | |
| Out-patient | 91 (0.58) | Reference | ||
| Imaging Type | 0.2 | |||
| Ultrasound | 106 (1.40) | 0.95 (0.72, 1.25) | 0.7 | |
| CT | 237 (1.31) | Reference | ||
| Other | 42 (3.31) | 1.47 (0.96, 2.24) | 0.08 | |
| Year of Biopsy | 0.9 | |||
| 2006 | 38 (1.72) | 1.08 (0.70, 1.68) | 0.7 | |
| 2007 | 46 (1.85) | 1.30 (0.84, 1.98) | 0.2 | |
| 2008 | 47 (1.48) | 1.14 (0.75, 1.72) | 0.5 | |
| 2009 | 57 (1.47) | 1.25 (0.85, 1.82) | 0.2 | |
| 2010 | 70 (1.47) | 1.21 (0.88, 1.65) | 0.2 | |
| 2011 | 67 (1.31) | 1.14 (0.81, 1.61) | 0.5 | |
| 2012 | 60 (1.13) | Reference | ||
| Hospital Location | ||||
| Urban | 342 (1.44) | Reference | ||
| Rural | 43 (1.37) | 1.47 (0.98, 2.21) | 0.06 | |
| Region | 0.3 | |||
| Northeast | 53 (1.75) | 1.06 (0.71, 1.58) | 0.8 | |
| Midwest | 75 (1.45) | 1.31 (0.83, 2.03) | 0.3 | |
| South | 173 (1.33) | Reference | ||
| West | 84 (1.45) | 1.37 (0.97, 1.94) | 0.07 | |
| Teaching Hospital | ||||
| Yes | 142 (1.52) | 0.93 (0.67, 1.30) | 0.7 | |
| No | 243 (1.38) | Reference | ||
| Bed size | 0.1 | |||
| <400 | 164 (1.25) | Reference | ||
| 400–600 | 127 (1.53) | 1.23 (0.91, 1.66) | 0.2 | |
| >600 | 94 (1.71) | 1.56 (0.98, 2.48) | 0.06 | |