Table 2.
Summary of main findings
| Patient or population: Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure Setting: ICUs, General medical units. Intervention: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation Comparison: Invasive mechanical ventilation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effectsa (95 % CI) | Relative effect (95 % CI) | No. of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with invasive mechanical ventilation | Risk with Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | |||||
| Mortality in hospital | 624 per 1000 | 416 per 1000 (276 to 570) | OR 0.43 (0.23 to 0.80) | 1787 (7 observational studies) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOWb | |
| Mortality in hospital- Less severe subgroup | 584 per 1000 | 496 per 1000 (431 to 558) | OR 0.70 (0.54 to 0.90) | 1380 (2 observational studies) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | |
| Mortality in ICU | 549 per 1000 | 339 per 1000 (226 to 464) | OR 0.42 (0.24 to 0.71) | 2148 (9 observational studies) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOWb,c | |
| Mortality in ICU- AIDS subgroup | 576 per 1000 | 230 per 1000 (98 to 440) | OR 0.22 (0.08 to 0.58) | 93 (2 observational studies) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATEc | |
| Mortality in ICU-Hematological malignancy and BMT subgroup | 543 per 1000 | 443 per 1000 (348 to 543) | OR 0.67 (0.45 to 1.00) | 1816 (6 observational studies) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOWd | |
| Mortality in ICU Hematological malignancy and solid tumors subgroup | 613 per 1000 | 222 per 1000 (137 to 337) | OR 0.18 (0.10 to 0.32) | 239 (1 observational study) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | |
| 30-day mortality | 749 per 1000 | 503 per 1000 (396 to 616) | OR 0.34 (0.22 to 0.54) | 335 (2 observational studies) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATEc | |
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect
Moderate quality: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different
Low quality: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect
Very low quality: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect
CI confidence interval; OR odds ratio; MD mean difference
aThe risk in the intervention group (and its 95 % confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95 % CI)
bSubstantial heterogeneity may be due to methodological variations among studies and clinical variations among participants
cUpgraded due to large sample size and/or large outcome events
d95 % confidence interval up to 1