Table 4.

Results of weight loss phase (Phase 1).

	Gender	Baseline	12 weeks	p-value (interaction)	p-value (time)	p-value (gender)
BMI (kg/m2)	M	38.3 ± 1.6	34.3 ± 1.3	0.715	< 0.001*	0.598
	F	37.4 ± 1.1	33.7 ± 1.0
TC (mg/dL)	M	188.2 ± 7.9	160.8 ± 6.6	0.670	< 0.001*	0.219
	F	199.6 ± 9.6	168.7 ± 8.2
LDL (mg/dL)	M	114.6 ± 6.7	104.1 ± 6.4	0.505	0.036*	0.644
	F	121.0 ± 6.9	104.0 ± 5.8
HDL (mg/dL)	M	48.2 ± 3.1	43.5 ± 2.8	0.846	0.006*	0.550
	F	51.1 ± 3.1	45.7 ± 2.7
TG (mg/dL)	M	134.2 ± 17.7	84.9 ± 10.7	0.686	< 0.001*	0.307
	F	144.3 ± 13.7	102.7 ± 9.1
HR (bpm)	M	65.5 ± 2.2	60.8 ± 2.3	0.878	0.017*	0.867
	F	64.8 ± 2.8	60.6 ± 2.3
SBP (mmHg)	M	126.3 ± 2.0	116.5 ± 2.5	0.426	0.002*	0.195
	F	121.9 ± 2.7	115.3 ± 2.0
DBP (mmHg)	M	80.1 ± 1.8	72.6 ± 1.8	0.783	< 0.001	0.158
	F	76.9 ± 2.6	68.7 ± 1.8
PWVao (m/s)	M	7.8 ± 0.4	7.2 ± 0.3	0.571	0.001*	0.764
	F	7.8 ± 0.3	6.9 ± 0.3
BAIX (%)	M	−27.0 ± 6.5	−37.3 ± 4.4	0.289	0.134	0.035**
	F	−10.6 ± 7.4	−12.6 ± 7.3
CAIX (%)	M	24.0 ± 3.3	18.8 ± 2.2	0.289	0.133	0.035**
	F	32.3 ± 3.7	31.2 ± 3.7
Return Time (s)	M	142.4 ± 6.0	157.4 ± 4.9	0.752	< 0.001*	0.101
	F	128.3 ± 5.4	146.1 ± 5.1

Data presented as mean ± SE. Return time refers to the time intervals between peaks from the early direct and reflected late systolic waves.

^*Significant difference based on time (p < 0.05);

^**Significant difference between genders (p < 0.05). BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PWVao, pulse wave velocity; BAIX, brachial augmentation index; CAIX, central augmentation index; M, male; F, female.