Table 7.
Results of weight loss maintenance phase (Phase 2).
| Diet | Baseline (week 12) | 64 weeks | p-value (interaction) | p-value (time) | p-value (diet) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | HP-IF | 31.6 ± 0.8 | 31.8 ± 1.2 | 0.069* | 0.102 | 0.264 |
| HH | 32.2 ± 1.4 | 34.0 ± 1.4 | ||||
| TC (mg/dL) | HP-IF | 157.6 ± 8.4 | 184.4 ± 11.9 | 0.339 | <0.001** | 0.664 |
| HH | 158.0 ± 12.8 | 195.2 ± 11.1 | ||||
| LDL (mg/dL) | HP-IF | 101.5 ± 7.7 | 113.1 ± 8.6 | 0.068* | 0.002** | 0.715 |
| HH | 90.0 ± 8.5 | 116.8 ± 11.3 | ||||
| HDL (mg/dL) | HP-IF | 38.4 ± 3.2 | 50.1 ± 3.1 | 0.107 | 0.001** | 0.365 |
| HH | 46.8 ± 4.7 | 51.6 ± 4.5 | ||||
| TG (mg/dL) | HP-IF | 96.1 ± 12.0 | 124.1 ± 21.3 | 0.281 | 0.007** | 0.764 |
| HH | 91.0 ± 15.5 | 142.4 ± 22.9 | ||||
| HR (bpm) | HP-IF | 57.4 ± 2.8 | 60.0 ± 2.9 | 0.367 | 0.008** | 0.677 |
| HH | 57.5 ± 2.7 | 62.5 ± 1.7 | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | HP-IF | 114.0 ± 3.3 | 130.8 ± 4.4 | 0.706 | 0.001** | 1.000 |
| HH | 112.8 ± 2.9 | 132.0 ± 5.3 | ||||
| DBP (mmgHg) | HP-IF | 68.9 ± 2.6 | 80.7 ± 2.9 | 0.987 | <0.001** | 0.514 |
| HH | 70.8 ± 2.2 | 82.5 ± 3.8 | ||||
| PWVao (m/s) | HP-IF | 7.4 ± 0.6 | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 0.094* | 0.665 | 0.992 |
| HH | 6.9 ± 0.3 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | ||||
| BAIX (%) | HP-IF | −9.2 ± 14.1 | −10.2 ± 14.5 | 0.156 | 0.025 | 0.641 |
| HH | −36.8 ± 7.4 | −15.9 ± 6.7 | ||||
| CAIX (%) | HP-IF | 30.9 ± 6.0 | 31.6 ± 5.8 | 0.288 | 0.084* | 0.812 |
| HH | 26.3 ± 3.7 | 32.7 ± 4.0 | ||||
| Return Time (s) | HP-IF | 146.6 ± 8.2 | 138.3 ± 6.8 | 0.220 | 0.002** | 0.797 |
| HH | 156.0 ± 7.4 | 134.7 ± 7.2 |
Data presented as mean ± SE. Return time refers to the time intervals between peaks from the early direct and reflected late systolic waves.
*
Trend for significant difference (0.05 < p < 0.1);
**
Significant difference based on time (p < 0.05). BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; PWVao, pulse wave velocity; BAIX, brachial augmentation index; CAIX, central augmentation index; HP-IF, high-protein intermittent fasting; HH, heart healthy.