Table 1.

Differences in state measurements, questionnaire responses, and temporal discounting between fed and fasted states.

	Fed Mean(SD)	Fasted Mean(SD)	Wilcoxon z statistic	N	pa
STATE MEASUREMENTS
Hunger	0.2 (0.15)	0.6 (0.17)	5.012	33	<0.001
Glucose (mmol/liter)	5.1 (0.59)	4.8 (0.47)	−2.918	46	0.004
Time since last meal (hours)	1.9 (1.80)	12.8 (2.00)	5.639	42	<0.001
Time to next meal (hours)	2.4 (0.95)	1.5 (0.70)	−3.921	42	<0.001
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS SCALE (DASS)
Total	6.2 (4.90)	6.3 (4.94)	1.061	46	0.289
Depression	1.5 (1.52)	1.4 (1.50)	−0.698	46	0.485
Anxiety	1.4 (1.89)	1.3 (1.48)	0.212	46	0.832
Stress	3.3 (2.50)	3.6 (3.08)	0.858	46	0.391
DELAYING GRATIFICATION INVENTORY (DGI)
Total	136.4 (12.47)	134.5 (12.32)	−1.717	45	0.086
Achievement	29.5 (3.85)	29.3 (4.33)	−0.459	45	0.646
Food	24.9 (4.42)	24.5 (4.73)	−0.657	45	0.511
Money	29.1 (4.38)	28.6 (4.37)	−1.481	45	0.139
Physical	25.7 (3.64)	25.1 (3.95)	−1.396	45	0.163
Social	27.3 (2.87)	27.0 (2.92)	−0.783	45	0.434
BARRATT IMPULSIVENESS SCALE (BIS-11)
Total	44.0 (9.22)	45.8 (8.27)	1.254	45	0.210
Attention	12.1 (2.86)	12.3 (2.80)	0.108	45	0.914
Motor	18.8 (4.08)	19.8 (3.49)	1.795	45	0.073
Non-planning	13.2 (4.08)	13.7 (3.82)	0.972	45	0.331

^aUncorrected p-values.