Table 1.
Distribution of Characteristics of the Participants (n = 2818)
| Mean age ± SD (range), years | 76.3 ± 4.8 (68–100) |
| Men/women, n (%) | 1486 (52.7)/1332 (47.3) |
| Mean BCVA in logMAR units in the better eye ± SD (range) | −0.02 ± 0.13 (−0.30–1.39) |
| Mild visual impairment (%) | 187 (6.6) |
| Mean MMSE score ± SD (range) | 27.3 ± 2.3 (14–30) |
| Cognitive impairment (%) | 160 (5.7) |
| Mean MMSE score excluding 5 vision-related itemsa ± SD (range) | 19.4 ± 2.2 (8–22) |
| Length of education with less than 12 years (%) | 2172 (77.1) |
MMSE score ranged from 0 to 30. MMSE score excluding five items ranged from 0 to 22. Cognitive impairment defined as MMSE score ≤23. Mild visual impairment defined as logMAR units >0.2 in the better eye.
a
Vision-related five items: “naming two objects,” “following a 3-step command,” “reading and following instruction,” “writing a sentence,” and “visual reconstruction.”
BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; logMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; MMSE, Mini-Metal State Examination; SD, standard deviation.