Table 2.

Emotional word paradigm

Brain region	Brodmann area	Peak coordinate in MNI space (mm)			Peak Z	p-corrected (whole brain)	Cluster size (mm3)
		x	y	z
Threat words vs. neutral words
Increase activations
R Ventromedial prefrontal cortex	11	15	51	-12	5.653	<0.001	18090
L Ventromedial prefrontal cortex	11	-15	42	-12	4.171	0.009
L Inferior frontal gyrus (orbitalis)	47	-33	42	-3	4.847	0.001
L Middle orbitofrontal/middle frontal gyrus	47	-36	45	0	4.93	<0.001
L Frontopolar cortex	10	-3	60	21	4.192	0.008
R Frontopolar cortex	10	0	63	0	3.755	0.038
L Parahippocampal gyrus	36	-24	-15	-27	5.7	<0.001	16659
L Hippocampus	20	-30	-18	-12	5.541	<0.001
L Amygdala	34	-24	-3	-18	3.452	0.095
L Midbrain		-6	-18	-18	4.086	0.012
L Insula, ventral	13	-33	3	-12	3.918	0.022
L Superior temporal gyrus	38	-51	6	-12	4.147	0.01
L Superior temporal gyrus, posterior	21	-45	-27	3	3.869	0.026
L Inferior frontal gyrus, opercularis/triangularis		-42	18	21	4.543	0.002	6804
L Middle temporal gyrus	21	-42	-51	12	4.847	0.001	2862
R Middle temporal gyrus		66	-54	-9	3.82	0.031	378
R Inferior temporal gyrus	20	60	-3	-33	4.194	0.008	1377
R Fusiform gyrus	20	39	-18	-27	3.97	0.019	432
L Insula, middle		-30	-9	18	3.715	0.043	1269
R Cerebellum, 2		12	-81	-30	4.493	0.003	7182
R Cerebellum, 1		18	-78	-30	4.121	0.011
R Cerebellum, 6		15	-69	-27	4.073	0.013
Decrease activations
L Cuneus		-6,	-72	27	4.43	0.003	8046
L Calcarine cortex		-3	-69	24	3.782	0.035
R Superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus	42/22	48	-18	-6	4.154	0.01	4806
R Superior frontal gyrus/middle frontal gyrus	46	30	57	18	4.081	0.013	3294
R Angular gyrus/superior temporal gyrus (posterior)/temporoparietal junction	22/42	48	-48	24	4.271	0.006	5373
R Supramarginal gyrus		57	-39	27	3.73	0.041
R Middle temporal gyrus	22	54	-48	21	4.044	0.014
L Middle temporal gyrus/superior temporal gyrus, posterior	21/22	-69	-24	6	4.877	0.001	2673
R Inferior frontal gyrus, opercularis/anterior insula	47	48	18	0	3.691	0.047	3159
R Inferior lateral orbitofrontal cortex	38	39	30	-24	4.082	0.013	1431
L Operculum, rolandic	6	-63	3	12	4.224	0.007	2241
L Superior orbitofrontal cortex	11	-18	66	-3	3.883	0.025	513
R Cerebellar vermis 4, 5		6	-57	15	3.823	0.031	2295
R Cerebellum, 6		30	-51	-27	4.031	0.015	1755
R Pons, dorsal		9	-36	33	5.083	<0.001	8910
L Cerebellum, 8, 7b, 6		-30	-54	-39	4.563	0.002
Threat words vs. baseline
Increase activations
L Calcarine cortex	17	-9	-87	3	>8	<0.001	180252
R Lingual gyrus	18	15	-87	-9	>8	<0.001
L Middle occipital gyrus	18	-27	-84	3	>8	<0.001
R Middle occipital gyrus	18	30	-84	6	>8	<0.001
R Cuneus	18	21	-87	15	>8	<0.001
L Cuneus	18	-9	-90,	24	6.428	<0.001
L Fusiform gyrus	19	-39	-78	-12	7.233	<0.001
R Fusiform gyrus	37	36	-39	-21	6.105	<0.001
L Inferior temporal gyrus	37	-57	-60	-9	>8	<0.001
L Inferior temporal gyrus/visual word form area	37	-48	-57	-12	>8	<0.001
R Inferior temporal gyrus	37	60	-60	-6	5.891	<0.001
L Inferior occipital gyrus	19	-39	-72	-3	6.252	<0.001
L Superior occipital gyrus	18	-15	-87	27	5.647	<0.001
L Inferior frontal gyrus, triangularis	45,47	-39	24	9	7.942	<0.001
L Inferior frontal gyrus, opercularis	44	-45	9	15	6.738	<0.001
L Opercular rolandic		-42	0	18	5.91	<0.001
R Opercular rolandic	22	66	-18	18	5.345	<0.001
R Inferior frontal gyrus, opercularis	44	66	15	21	7.51	<0.001
R Inferior frontal gyrus, triangularis	47	60	36	9	5.229	<0.001
R Inferior frontal gyrus, orbitalis	38	57	24	-6	4.656	0.001
L Middle frontal gyrus	46	-24	39	24	5.432	<0.001
L Middle temporal gyrus	22	-45	-51	9	5.069	<0.001
R Middle temporal gyrus	21	60	-51	0	4.091	0.012
L Superior temporal gyrus	42	-57	-30	21	6.023	<0.001
L Temporal pole, superior	38	-54	9	-9	5.154	<0.001
R Temporal pole, superior	38	51	15	-15	4.229	0.007
R Heschl’s gyrus		45	-15	9	4.019	0.016
R Supramarginal gyrus/superior temporal gyrus, posterior		60	-27	24	6.02	<0.001
L Middle temporal gyrus	21	-60	-27	3	4.531	0.002
L Insula, anterior	47	-33	24	-3	5.644	<0.001
L Insula, middle		-39	6	0	5.129	<0.001
R Insula, anterior	47	33	27	3	5.506	<0.001
L Anterior-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex		-12	30	18	3.691	0.046
L Cerebellum, 6		-15	-69	-21	5.561	<0.001
R Middle frontal gyrus	46	33	45	21	3.984	0.018	1107
L Parahippocampal gyrus	36	-27	-15	-27	3.662	0.051	1728
R Fusiform gyrus	20	39	-18	-27	4.602	0.002	1053
R Parahippocampal gyrus	35	21	-15	-24	3.607	0.06	891
R Anterior-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex	24	9	18	27	4.921	<0.001	783
L Middle orbitofrontal cortex	11	-27	54	-15	3.813	0.032	270
R Superior orbitofrontal cortex	11	18	54	-15	3.935	0.021	324
Decrease activations
R Lingual gyrus	17	9	-57	9	7.182	<0.001	74439
R Lingual gyrus	19	21	-57	0	4.449	0.003
R Calcarine cortex	17	12	-60	12	6.76	<0.001
L Calcarine cortex	17	-12	-57	9	6.425	<0.001
R Precuneus	23	3	-63	24	6.353	<0.001
L Precuneus	29	-9	-48	9	4.732	0.001
L Cuneus	23	-3	-66	24	6.43	<0.001
R Cuneus	23	6	-60	21	6.254	<0.001
L Fusiform gyrus, anterior	37	-24	-36	-21	4.554	0.002
R Middle temporal gyrus	39	45	-51	21	3.862	0.027
R Supramarginal gyrus/superior temporal gyrus, posterior/temporal parietal junction	40, 22	60	-48	24	5.811	<0.001
R Angular gyrus	39	42	-57	27	4.51	0.002
R Thalamus, posterior medial		9	-27	6	5.758	<0.001
L Thalamus, dorsomedial		-6	-15	15	3.947	0.02
L Cerebellum, 6		-39	-63	-21	5.213	<0.001
R Cerebellum, 6		30	-54	-24	3.904	0.023
R Cerebellum, 4, 5		15	-48	-9	4.514	0.002
L Cerebellum, 8		-12	-60	-39	4.383	0.004
R Cerebellar vermis		6	-69	-39	3.938	0.021
R Pons, dorsal		6	-27	-15	4.288	0.006
R Rostral anterior cingulate cortex	32	12	36	9	4.681	0.001	17550
R Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex	25	3	18	-6	3.741	0.04
R Rostral anterior cingulate cortex	32	12	45	6	3.651	0.053
L Frontopolar cortex	10,11	-12	63	-3	3.965	0.019
R Caudate, head		12	9	3	3.983	0.018
R Thalamus, posterior medial		9	-27	6	5.758	<0.001
R Inferior occipital cortex	18	24	-96	0	7.09	<0.001	270
L Angular gyrus	39	-45	-72	27	5.301	<0.001	2700
R Temporal pole, medial	38	36	21	-33	5.466	<0.001	6858
R Middle-posterior orbitofrontal cortex	47,11	33	39	-18	5.014	<0.001
L Temporal pole, superior	38	-45	24	-24	4.679	0.001	2133
R Frontopolar cortex	10	6	66	24	4.974	<0.001	1269
R Superior temporal gyrus	22	60	-9	0	4.938	<0.001	1053
L Opercular, rolandic		-60	-3	12	4.371	0.004	2511
R Inferior frontal gyrus, triangularis		39	24	27	4.392	0.004	1647
L Posterior cingulate cortex	23	-6	-36	27	3.83	0.03	513
R Cerebellum, 1		42	-69	-21	4.488	0.003	1377
Neutral words vs. baseline
Increase activations
L Calcarine cortex	17	-9	-87	3	>8	<0.001	89424
R Calcarine cortex	18/17	18	-90	3	>8	<0.001
R Superior occipital gyrus	19	27	-72	24	6.179	<0.001
L Superior occipital gyrus/cuneus	18	-12	-90	24	4.297	0.006
R Cuneus	18	18	-87	12	7.707	<0.001
L Middle occipital gyrus	18	-27	-87	6	>8	<0.001
R Middle occipital gyrus	18	36	-84	6	8.014	<0.001
L Inferior occipital gyrus	19	-45	-72	-12	5.197	<0.001
L Lingual gyrus	18	-21	-87	-12	>8	<0.001
R Lingual gyrus	18	15	-87	-9	>8	<0.001
R Superior temporal gyrus	21/22	57	-21	-3	5.584	<0.001
L Middle temporal gyrus	37	-45	-51	-3	6.303	<0.001
R Middle temporal gyrus	21	57	-51	0	6.191	<0.001
L Inferior temporal gyrus	37	-51	-57	-9	7.058	<0.001
L Inferior temporal gyrus/visual word form area	37	-48	-57	-12	6.672	<0.001
R Inferior temporal gyrus	37	51	-60	-9	5.261	<0.001
L Fusiform gyrus	19	-39	-78	-12	5.882	<0.001
R Fusiform gyrus	37	33	-36	-21	5.703	<0.001
L Cerebellum, 6		-18	-66	-18	5.543	<0.001
R Cerebellum, 6, 5, 4		18	-51	-24	4.273	0.006
R Anterior insula	47	39	21	-3	7.189	<0.001	36180
R Inferior frontal gyrus, opercularis	44	60	18	21	5.934	<0.001
R Inferior frontal gyrus, orbitalis	47	48	21	-6	5.649	<0.001
R Inferior frontal gyrus, triangularis	45	45	30	3	5.18	<0.001
R Middle frontal gyrus	46	36	54	21	4.585	0.002
R Superior frontal gyrus	46	21	51	24	3.86	0.027
R Superior frontal gyrus	9	18	54	27	3.74	0.04
L Anterior insula		-33	24	9	7.942	<0.001	19116
L Inferior frontal gyrus, triangularis	44	-42	12	27	5.336	<0.001
L Inferior frontal gyrus, opercularis		-48	9	9	5.257	<0.001
L Inferior frontal gyrus, orbitalis	47	-42	21	-6	4.667	0.001
L Opercular rolandic		-48	-3	9	3.903	0.023
L Temporal pole, superior	38	-54	12	-6	3.734	0.041
L Superior temporal gyrus	42	-57	-30	18	6.781	<0.001	10017
R Supramarginal gyrus		63	-27	24	6.001	<0.001	7425
L Middle frontal gyrus	46	-27	45	21	4.942	<0.001	7479
R Cerebellum, 1		42	-51	-33	4.444	0.003	405
R Anterior-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex	24	9	18	27	3.924	0.022	351
L Middle-orbitofrontal cortex	11	-15	30	-18	4.142	0.01	216
Decrease activations
L Precuneus	30	-6	-54	12	6.357	<0.001	97686
L Calcarine cortex	17	-12	-57	9	6.141	<0.001
R Calcarine cortex	23	12	-54	12	3.914	0.023
R Precuneus	30	6	-51	9	5.372	<0.001
L Cuneus	23	-15	-60	24	4.066	0.013
L Fusiform gyrus, anterior	37	-27	-33	-21	6.206	<0.001
L Fusiform gyrus, posterior	37	-33	-42	-24	4.31	0.005
L Hippocampus	20	-27	-18	12	6.126	<0.001
L Parahippocampal gyrus	20	-30	-24	-15	5.388	<0.001
R Parahippocampal gyrus	30	24	-27	-12	4.031	0.015
R Frontopolar cortex	10	6	66	3	5.889	<0.001
L Frontopolar cortex	10	-3	63	27	4.415	0.004
L Ventromedial prefrontal cortex	10,11	-9	48	-9	5.347	<0.001
R Ventromedial prefrontal cortex	10	12	48	-12	4.135	0.01
L Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex	25	-9	24	-3	4.583	0.002
L Posterior-medial orbitofrontal cortex	11	-12	30	-6	5.369	<0.001
R Posterior-medial orbitofrontal cortex	11	6	30	-9	4.178	0.009
L Midbrain		-6	-18	-18	5.129	<0.001
R Midbrain		15	-18	-12	4.536	0.002
R Thalamus, anterior		6	-3	0	4.257	0.007
L Thalamus, dorsal		-12	-21	18	4.105	0.012
L Cerebellum, 6		-36	-42	-27	4.129	0.011
R Cerebellum, 2		12	-81	-30	5.581	<0.001	10152
R Cerebellum, 1		33	-81	-30	4.935	<0.001
R Lingual Gyrus	18	9	-72	-6	4.89	<0.001	1296
L Inferior frontal gyrus, triangularis	45	-48	27	18	5.69	<0.001	4077
L Angular gyrus	39	-42	-57	27	4.807	0.001	2646
L Middle occipital gyrus	39	-45	-78	27	4.528	0.002
R Inferior frontal gyrus, orbitalis	47	42	36	-12	4.669	0.001	2241
L Inferior frontal gyrus, orbitalis	47	-30	39	-6	3.857	0.027	2106
R Superior temporal gyrus	22	69	-9	3	6.106	<0.001	2160
L Cerebellum, 1		-33	-78	-30	4.871	0.001	1782
L Middle temporal gyrus	37	-48	-63	12	4.46	0.003	1404
L Middle temporal gyrus	22	-63	-48	12	4.587	0.002	999
L Middle temporal gyrus	21	-57	-3	-15	4.178	0.009	918
R Inferior temporal gyrus	21	60	-3	-33	4.184	0.009	864
R Inferior occipital gyrus	19	36	-81	-12	3.979	0.018	513

Note: Brain regions showing differential blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) neural activations in schizophrenic patients correlated to persecutory delusion severity (P6 scores) for the contrasts (1) threat words vs. neutral words, (2) threat words vs. baseline, and (3) neutral words vs. baseline as also shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Cluster sizes are reported at a voxel-wise p<0.01, and all voxel-wise p-values are less than 0.0001 at the listed peak coordinates. L, left; R, right.