Table 2.
Estimated Costs and Outcomes by Treatment Group, 6-Month Trial Period*
| Cost/Outcome Category | Anticholinergic Group (N=119) | Botox Group (N=112) | Difference between Groups (Anticholinergic-Botox) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costs over 6 Months | ||||
| Treatment Costs* | $1,226 ± 231 | $1,072 ± 24 | $154 | <0.01 |
| Routine Care Costs† | $59 ± 91 | $63 ± 113 | −$4 | 0.77 |
| Complications Costs‡ | $54 ± 137 | $131 ± 240 | −$77 | <0.01 |
|
|
||||
| Total Direct costs** | $1,339 ± 276 | $1,266 ± 272 | $73 | 0.06 |
| Total Indirect costs§ | $150 ± 850 | $106 ± 428 | $44 | 0.62 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Reduction in no. of urge incontinence episodes per day | 3.3 ± 0.26 | 3.33 ± 0.28 | 0 | 0.91 |
| Complete resolution of symptoms | 13.5% | 26.8% | −13.3% | 0.003 |
| Quality-adjusted life year (QALY) difference from baseline‖ | 0.046 | 0.039 | 0.007 | 0.19 |
Note: P-value tests the whether the difference between groups is equal to zero. For costs and QALYs, we use a nonparametric bootstrap test, for reduction in urgency urinary incontinence episodes, we use an F-test, and for complete resolution of symptoms, we use a Mantel-Haenszel test.
Treatment Costs include the costs for the medication (Botox injection or Anticholinergic pharmacy costs), procedure and physician follow-up visit costs, as well as travel costs associated with visits. Results are reported as means with standard deviations.
Routine Care Costs include pad, diaper, and laundry costs associated with urgency urinary incontinence.
Complications Costs include outpatient and inpatient visits for medical complications associated with treatment as well as travel costs for these visits.
Estimates of the actual direct medical and non-medical costs were based on utilization of resources during the trial and reported by trial participants. Estimates include the cost of treatment, travel for visits, complications, and incontinence care-related products and expenditures.
Indirect costs include value of time lost from work, reduced on-the-job productivity, and household productivity losses, with each valued using earnings estimates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Quality adjusted life years (QALY) adjusted to 12-month measure for ease of interpretation. Calculated using participant responses to the OABq for months 0 through 6.