Table 2.

Sleep/Metabolic Measures at Baseline and after Intervention in 13 Treated and 6 Untreated Subjects

Sleep/Metabolic Measures	Baseline		Change from Baseline
	Treated	Untreated	Treated	Untreated	P Value*
Polysomnography†
Total sleep time, min	367.2 ± 12.9	386.6 ± 16.1	13.4 ± 11.2	22.5 ± 21.4	0.68
Sleep efficiency, %	76.6 ± 2.7	83.3 ± 1.6	2.4 ± 2.4	2.7 ± 2.5	0.95
Rapid eye movement sleep, min	67.1 ± 8.7	64.5 ± 10.4	25.0 ± 6.6	19.6 ± 7.8	0.63
N1 sleep, min	54.1 ± 7.8	68.1 ± 20.0	−25.5 ± 5.5	9.4 ± 10.3	0.04
N2 sleep, min	226.1 ± 10.3	236.0 ± 9.5	6.4 ± 8.2	−9.6 ± 15.2	0.32
Slow wave sleep, min	19.9 ± 8.1	17.9 ± 10.3	7.6 ± 2.8	3.1 ± 3.6	0.37
Apnea–hypopnea index, per hour of sleep	39.7 ± 8.0	52.3 ± 14.2	−35.9 ± 7.4	0.2 ± 4.6	0.006
3% oxygen desaturation index, per hour of sleep	24.4 ± 6.1	37.4 ± 8.1	−21.7 ± 5.6	1.0 ± 7.5	0.03
Sleep time at <90% oxygen saturation, min	63.9 ± 20.5	90.9 ± 22.4	−58.9 ± 19.6	−13.8 ± 18.4	0.17
Arousal index, per hour of sleep	49.5 ± 7.6	57.5 ± 14.9	−24.9 ± 6.1	−0.5 ± 3.6	0.02
Glucose metabolism from 24-h blood sampling†‡
24-h glucose, mg/dl	152.1 ± 8.8	138.4 ± 6.5	−13.7 ± 3.6	−2.9 ± 1.4	0.01
Overnight glucose, mg/dl	135.7 ± 8.7	110.6 ± 6.3	−12.6 ± 4.2	−1.5 ± 2.5	0.04
Daytime glucose, mg/dl	163.1 ± 10.3	135.2 ± 9.6	−13.6 ± 4.1	−4.9 ± 2.5	0.22

Data are given as mean ± SEM.

^*P values by two-sided paired t test for the change from baseline between the treated and untreated groups.

^†There were no statistically significant differences between all baseline variables among the two groups.

^‡Overnight glucose includes values from 23:00 until 09:00 h. Daytime glucose includes values from 09:00 until 23:00 h.