Figure 1.

Everolimus mechanism of action and mTOR pathway.

Note: Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature Neuroscience. Costa-Mattioli M, Monteggia LM. mTOR complexes in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci. 16(11):1537–1543. Copyright © 2013.⁹

Abbreviations: NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NGF, nerve growth factor; TrkB, tyrosine receptor kinase B; IGF-1, insulin growth factor 1; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP₂, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; PIP₃, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate; NF1, neurofibromin 1; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; PDK1, phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase 1; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; Rheb, Ras homolog enriched in brain; mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; S6K, S6 kinase; E-BP, eIF4E-binding protein; eEF2K, eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase; eIF4B, eukaryotic initiation factor 4B.