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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Mar 17;215(3):353.e1–353.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.016

Table 4.

Risk of filling opioids during 4, 6, and 8 or more months during follow-up in patients undergoing Cesarean delivery who were dispensed an opioid and those with a vaginal delivery who were not dispensed an opioid.

Number of
months with
opioid dispensed
during follow-up		 Cesarean with
opioid
dispensed
(N=80,127)		 Vaginal delivery
without opioid
(N= 169,576)		 Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) Adjusted odds ratio
(95% CI)*
≥4 months 468 (0.58) 393 (0.23) 2.53 (2.21 to 2.89) 2.21 (1.89 to 2.58)
≥6 months 148 (0.18) 105 (0.06) 2.99 (2.33 to 3.84) 2.68 (2.02 to 3.55)
≥8 months 59 (0.07) 32 (0.02) 3.90 (2.54 to 6.00) 3.47 (2.15 to 5.60)
*

Adjusted for age, prior Cesarean delivery, substance use and abuse conditions, pain conditions, and psychiatric medications