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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Jun 18;68:474–488. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.010

Table 2.

Alterations in DNMT expression reported in BD

Cell/tissue Findings References
Post-mortem prefrontal cortex (BA9) and cerebellar tissue Increased binding of DNMT1 to GABAergic and glutamatergic promoters in the cortex but not in the cerebellum in BD and schizophrenia. Increased binding of DNMT1 positively correlated with increased binding of MBD2. Dong et al, 2015
Post-mortem prefrontal cortex Increase in DNMT1 mRNA-positive neurons in psychotic patients (including BD). Guidotti et al., 2013
Post-mortem brain Co-variations of DNMT1 and DNMT3B with GABRB2 expression in BD samples. Zhao et al., 2012
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Reduction in the mRNA expression of DNMT1 in bipolar depression, but not in euthimia. Higuchi et al., 2011
BA9 and GABAergic neurons Increased S-adenosyl methionine and DNMT1 mRNA expression in patients with BD and schizophrenia. Guidotti et al., 2007
BA9 and GABAergic neurons Increased DNMT1 mRNA and protein levels in patients with BD and psychosis. Veldic et al., 2005
GABAergic caudate nucleus and putamen neurons No increase of reelin and GAD67 mRNA expression after DNMT1 overexpression in neurons from patients with BD (which occurs in cells from schizophrenic patients). Veldic et al., 2007

BA9 - brodmann area 9; BD - bipolar disorder; DNMT - DNA methyltransferase; GABRB2 - gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 2; GAD67 - glutamic acid decarboxylase 67; MBD2 - methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2; MDD – major depressive disorder.