Extended Data Table 2. Admixture f3-statistics.
We show the lowest Z-score of the statistic f3(Test; Reference1, Refrence2) for every ancient Test population with at least 2 individuals and every pair (Reference1, Refrence2) of ancient or present-day source populations. Z-scores lower than −3 are highlighted and indicate that the Test population is admixed from sources related to (but not identical to) the reference populations. Z-scores greater than −3 are consistent with the population either being admixed or not.
| Test | Reference1 | Reference2 | f3(Test; Reference1, Refrence2) | Z-score | Number of SNPs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatolia_N | Iberia_BA | Levant_N | −0.00034 | −0.2 | 111632 |
| Armenia_ChL | EHG | Levant_N | −0.00249 | −1.5 | 167020 |
| Armenia_EBA | Anatolia_N | CHG | −0.01017 | −7.9 | 195596 |
| Armenia MLBA | Anatolia_N | Steppe_EMBA | −0.00809 | −7.3 | 203796 |
| CHG | Anatolia_ChL | Iran_Hotulllb | 0.02612 | 3.6 | 9884 |
| EHG | Steppe_Eneolithic | Switzerland_HG | −0.00282 | −0.9 | 67938 |
| Europe_EN | Anatolia_N | WHG | −0.00494 | −11.2 | 380684 |
| Europe_LNBA | Europe_MNChL | Steppe_EMBA | −0.00920 | −41.8 | 414782 |
| Europe_MNChL | Anatolia_N | WHG | −0.01351 | −26.8 | 363672 |
| Iran_ChL | Anatolia_N | Iran_N | −0.01285 | −10.6 | 167941 |
| Iran_N | Iran_LN | Gana | −0.00462 | −1.1 | 17804 |
| Levant_BA | Iran_N | Levant_N | −0.00853 | −4.7 | 118269 |
| Levant_N | Europe_MNChL | Natufian | −0.00671 | −3.6 | 61845 |
| Natufian | Iberia_BA | Iran_Hotulllb | 0.07613 | 3.4 | 1054 |
| SHG | Steppe_Eneolithic | Switzerland_HG | 0.00728 | 3.2 | 154825 |
| Steppe_EMBA | EHG | Abkhasian | −0.00756 | −11.2 | 349359 |
| Steppe_Eneolithic | EHG | Iran_LN | −0.01637 | −4.2 | 25100 |
| Steppe_MLBA | Europe_MNChL | Steppe_EMBA | −0.00573 | −18.0 | 378298 |
| WHG | Switzerland_HG | Saudi | −0.01562 | −7.7 | 218758 |
| Abkhasian | CHG | Sardinian | −0.00754 | −13.1 | 387956 |
| Adygei | Anatolia_N | Eskimo | −0.00699 | −14.4 | 413128 |
| Albanian | Europe_EN | Burusho | −0.00650 | −16.8 | 395851 |
| Armenian | Anatolia_N | Sindhi | −0.00603 | −19.5 | 406021 |
| Assyrian | Iran_N | Sardinian | −0.00672 | −11.8 | 309055 |
| Balkar | Anatolia_N | Chukchi | −0.00975 | −18.8 | 401928 |
| Basque | Switzerland_HG | Druze | −0.00726 | −12.6 | 416070 |
| BedouinA | Europe_EN | Yoruba | −0.01584 | −42.8 | 460762 |
| BedouinB | Iran_Hotulllb | Natufian | 0.01384 | 4.1 | 32266 |
| Belarusian | WHG | Iranian | −0.00974 | −19.8 | 392363 |
| Bulgarian | Anatolia_N | Steppe_EMBA | −0.00807 | −26.7 | 400263 |
| Canary_Islander | Europe_MNChL | Mende | −0.00829 | −5.9 | 353172 |
| Chechen | Anatolia_N | Eskimo | −0.00440 | −7.9 | 396678 |
| Croatian | WHG | Druze | −0.00871 | −18.6 | 394032 |
| Cypriot | Anatolia_N | Sindhi | −0.00562 | −16.1 | 401141 |
| Czech | SHG | Druze | −0.00919 | −21.7 | 374705 |
| Druze | Iran_N | Sardinian | −0.00269 | −5.8 | 343813 |
| English | Steppe_EMBA | Sardinian | −0.00628 | −20.6 | 402502 |
| Estonian | SHG | Druze | −0.00789 | −17.6 | 371575 |
| Finnish | SHG | Assyrian | −0.00716 | −12.6 | 355744 |
| French | Steppe_EMBA | Sardinian | −0.00669 | −37.9 | 441807 |
| Georgian | CHG | Sardinian | −0.00782 | −13.7 | 390744 |
| German | WHG | Druze | −0.01103 | −22.9 | 391302 |
| Greek | Europe_EN | Pathan | −0.00600 | −30.0 | 421984 |
| Hungarian | Steppe_EMBA | Sardinian | −0.00644 | −31.2 | 420017 |
| Icelandic | WHG | Abkhasian | −0.00974 | −17.0 | 394625 |
| Iranian | Anatolia_M | Sindhi | −0.00594 | −30.9 | 443011 |
| Irish | Steppe_EMBA | Sardinian | −0.00590 | −22.8 | 416663 |
| Irish_Ulster | SHG | Assyrian | −0.00909 | −15.6 | 350547 |
| Italian_North | Europe_EN | Steppe_EMBA | −0.00627 | −26.4 | 419169 |
| Italian_South | Iberia_BA | Iran_Hotulllb | 0.01224 | 2.6 | 17678 |
| Jew_Ashkenazi | Anatolia_N | Koryak | −0.00532 | −9.4 | 389012 |
| Jew_Georgian | Iran_N | Sardinian | −0.00306 | −4.2 | 292410 |
| Jew_Iranian | Iran_N | Sardinian | −0.00385 | −5.8 | 302446 |
| Jew_Iraqi | Iran_N | Sardinian | −0.00486 | −6.5 | 287673 |
| Jew_Libyan | Europe_EN | Yoruba | −0.00397 | −7.2 | 415797 |
| Jew_Moroccan | Europe_EN | Yoruba | −0.00649 | −10.9 | 405193 |
| Jew_Tunisian | Anatolia_N | Mende | −0.00276 | −4.1 | 399354 |
| Jew_Turkish | Anatolia_N | Burusho | −0.00571 | −16.4 | 405254 |
| Jew_Yemenite | Natufian | Kalash | −0.00341 | −3.8 | 174052 |
| Jordanian | Europe_EN | Yoruba | −0.01283 | −26.7 | 423649 |
| Kumyk | Anatolia_N | Chukchi | −0.01025 | −19.6 | 396439 |
| Lebanese | Anatolia_N | Yoruba | −0.01022 | −19.5 | 414854 |
| Lebanese_Christian | Anatolia_N | Sindhi | −0.00504 | −15.7 | 404858 |
| Lebanese_Muslim | Anatolia_N | Brahmin_Tiwari | −0.00616 | −20.4 | 415129 |
| Lezgin | Steppe_EMBA | Jew_Yemenite | −0.00481 | −13.1 | 398974 |
| Lithuanian | WHG | Abkhasian | −0.00999 | −17.7 | 386718 |
| Maltese | Anatolia_N | Brahmin_Tiwari | −0.00518 | −14.5 | 404438 |
| Mordovian | WHG | Iranian | −0.00912 | −18.4 | 395230 |
| North_Ossetian | Anatolia_N | Chukchi | −0.00894 | −17.2 | 401729 |
| Norwegian | WHG | Abkhasian | −0.00957 | −16.5 | 393546 |
| Orcadian | SHG | Druze | −0.00662 | −15.8 | 379656 |
| Palestinian | Europe_EN | Yoruba | −0.01129 | −31.3 | 464066 |
| Polish | SHG | Druze | −0.00924 | −27.8 | 394654 |
| Romanian | Europe_EN | Steppe_EMBA | −0.00549 | −16.9 | 397119 |
| Russian | SHG | Turkish | −0.00731 | −25.0 | 398393 |
| Sardinian | Anatolia_N | Switzerland_HG | −0.00587 | −9.6 | 417931 |
| Saudi | Anatolia_N | Dinka | −0.00326 | −5.1 | 404923 |
| Scottish | Steppe_EMBA | Sardinian | −0.00622 | −26.6 | 426660 |
| Shetlandic | WHG | Abkhasian | −0.00868 | −14.6 | 386562 |
| Sicilian | Anatolia_N | Brahmin_Tiwari | −0.00646 | −22.2 | 411481 |
| Sorb | SHG | Palestinian | −0.00787 | −16.8 | 366924 |
| Spanish | Steppe_EMBA | Sardinian | −0.00557 | −32.2 | 447735 |
| Spanish_North | WHG | Armenian | −0.00825 | −10.9 | 356832 |
| Syrian | Europe_EN | Dinka | −0.01002 | −17.3 | 410920 |
| Turkish | Europe_EN | Sindhi | −0.00709 | −41.1 | 448975 |
| Ukrainian | WHG | Abkhasian | −0.01183 | −21.4 | 388282 |