Table 5.
Group means (with SD) and comparisons (p value) of participants’ background characteristics and task performances in pre- and post- tests after group match.
| Control (n = 37) | Translation (n = 35) | Interpreting (n = 44) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Background characteristics | ||||
| Translation/interpreting | No | No | No | |
| Tested L2 proficiency | 14.00 (3.70) | 14.12 (4.57) | 13.36 (3.55) | 0.645 |
| Self-rated L2 proficiency | 20.43 (4.07) | 21.31 (5.69) | 20.41 (5.52) | 0.694 |
| Self-rated L2 use | 0.060 (0.036) | 0.050 (0.049) | 0.048 (0.045) | 0.438 |
| AoA | 8.73 (2.41) | 9.14 (2.49) | 9.20 (2.33) | 0.645 |
| Age | 19.73 (0.83) | 19.85 (1.03) | 19.54 (0.73) | 0.276 |
| Father education | 2.46 (0.66) | 2.91 (1.31) | 2.82 (1.24) | 0.187 |
| Mother education | 2.11 (1.02) | 2.57 (1.29) | 2.34 (1.22) | 0.256 |
| Intelligence | 67.65 (2.46) | 66.86 (2.64) | 66.50 (3.22) | 0.186 |
| Cognitive control abilities in the pre-test | ||||
| Stroop: global RTs (ms) | 676.52 (86.17) | 682.34 (60.66) | 662.88 (65.03) | 0.457 |
| Stroop: Stroop effect | 34.13 (37.42) | 33.59 (51.82) | 18.48 (38.35) | 0.172 |
| Stroop: Stroop inhibition | 14.68 (40.05) | 6.40 (59.86) | -1.53 (32.08) | 0.267 |
| Stroop: Stroop facilitation | -19.45 (33.75) | -27.19 (32.50) | -20.01 (40.72) | 0.598 |
| Color-shape: global RTs | 612.30 (148.68) | 601.44 (152.75) | 581.31 (132.42) | 0.616 |
| Color-shape: mixing cost | 138.86 (132.39) | 103.43 (118.39) | 113.48 (93.21) | 0.397 |
| Color-shape: switch cost | 140.32 (73.49) | 122.05 (81.76) | 139.23 (90.19) | 0.572 |
| N-back: global RTs | 855.91 (266.30) | 831.97 (225.65) | 852.17 (250.49) | 0.907 |
| N-back: accuracy rate | 0.85 (.091) | 0.86 (.080) | 0.84 (.091) | 0.533 |
| Cognitive control abilities in the post-test | ||||
| Stroop: global RTs | 629.08 (82.73) | 624.97 (46.92) | 612.48 (52.45) | 0.457 |
| Stroop: Stroop effect | 28.03 (28.42) | 26.31 (30.71) | 31.14 (32.28) | 0.776 |
| Stroop: Stroop inhibition | 0.29 (40.63) | 6.85 (34.46) | 9.06 (31.39) | 0.526 |
| Stroop: Stroop facilitation | -27.74 (35.09) | -19.46 (30.57) | -22.08 (34.16) | 0.542 |
| Color-shape: global RTs | 548.03 (83.89) | 557.91 (109.72) | 529.95 (91.09) | 0.414 |
| Color-shape: mixing cost | 99.57 (58.73) | 110.23 (87.84) | 107.75 (74.01) | 0.813 |
| Color-shape: switch cost | 132.73 (82.93) | 118.71 (70.88) | 94.20 (58.19) | 0.049 |
| N-back: global RTs | 876.62 (262.99) | 762.40 (192.39) | 752.93 (215.11) | 0.032 |
| N-back: accuracy rate | 0.89 (0.084) | 0.91 (0.067) | 0.90 (0.068) | 0.627 |