Table 1.
Prevalence differences of lucid dreaming (LD) across studies.
| Author | Sample size | Age | Gender repartition | Country and sample | Methodology | Prevalence LD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| type | (least at once) | |||||
| Schredl et al., 2016 | 1375 | 26.5 ± 18.0 years | 67.42% Women | United Kingdom | Question awareness | 56.32% |
| Schredl et al., 2012 | 3579 | 12.0 ± 1.9 years | 61.36% Girls | United Kingdom | Question awareness | 43.5% |
| Alvarado and Zingrone, 2008 | 492 | – | 68% Women | Spanish New age magazine lecturers | Question awareness | 89% |
| Schredl and Erlacher, 2004 | 444 | 23.5 ± 5.7 years | 84% Women | Unselected student sample | Definition based on awareness and control | 82% |
| Erlacher et al., 2008 | 153 | 19.1 ± 1.1 years | 60.1% Women | Japan students | Definition based on awareness and control | 47% |
| Schredl and Erlacher, 2011 | 919 | 48.1 ± 18.4 years | 54% Women | Germany representative sample | Definition based on awareness and control | 51% |
| Erlacher et al., 2012 | 840 | 21.59 years ± 6.33 | 57.5% Men | German athletes | Definition based on awareness and control | 56.6% |
| Stumbrys et al., 2013 | 684 | 25.5 ± 9.7 years | 59.35% Women | German voluntaries | Definition based on awareness and control | 83.5% |
| Smith and Blagrove, 2015 | 84 | 33.80 ± 15 years | 50% Women | LD forum lecturer | Definition based on awareness and control | 72.6% |
| Fingerlin, 2013 | 214 | 17.2 ± 1.2 years | 70.6% Women | Swiss Junior college student | Definition based on awareness and control + Question LD and questions control | 50% |
| Mota-Rolim et al., 2013 | 3,427 | Median = 25 years | 50% Women | Brazil voluntaries | Definition based on awareness and control + Question Awareness and questions control |
77.2% |
| Voss et al., 2012 | 793 | year range [6–19] | 50% Women | German student | One-on-one Interview Description based on awareness |
51.9% |
Literature search: The purpose of this table is to illustrate how LD prevalence and methodology vary across studies focusing on LD prevalence evaluation. Titles and abstracts were searched in the electronic PubMED and PsycINFO databases and in google scholar search engine (limited to the 10 first pages) using the following search terms: lucid dream*/AND (frequency OR prevalence OR incidence). Only studies published after 2000 were examined.