Table 4.
Effect of grape pomace powder (GPP), mangosteen peel powder (MPP) and monensin on ruminal microorganisms in dairy steers
| Items | Control | Monensin | GPP | MPP | SEM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ruminal microbes (cell/mL) | |||||
| Bacteria (×1010) | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 0.14 |
| Protozoa (×106) | 3.2a | 2.6b | 2.7b | 2.4c | 0.06 |
| Fungal zoospores (×106) | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.06 |
| Variable bacteria (CFU/mL) | |||||
| Total viable bacteria (×1010) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.27 |
| Cellulolytic bacteria (×108) | 4.9a | 3.8b | 3.2b | 2.7b | 0.29 |
| Amylolytic bacteria (×107) | 3.3 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 2.68 |
| Proteolytic bacteria (×107) | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.17 |
SEM, standard error of the means.
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Values within the row with different superscripts are significantly different (p<0.05).