Table 4. Adjusted relationships of quartiles of individual food group intake to H. pylori infectiona.
| Food groups | Quartiles of individual food group intake (gram/day, n = 10407) | P for trendb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| animal foods | No. of H. pylori infection | 741 | 776 | 738 | 723 | 0.53 |
| Range | Level 1 (0, 149)c | Level 2 (149, 205) | Level 3 (205, 280) | Level 4 (280, 2092) | ||
| Multiple adjustedd | ref | 1.04 (0.81, 1.34) | 0.98 (0.76, 1.28) | 0.93 (0.69, 1.25) | ||
| fruits | No. of H. pylori infection | 771 | 721 | 727 | 759 | |
| Range | Level 1 (0, 99) | Level 2 (99, 162) | Level 3 (162, 255) | Level 4 (255, 1743) | 0.09 | |
| Multiple adjustedd | ref | 1.06 (0.82, 1.35) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.30) | 1.30 (0.98, 1.74) | ||
| vegetables | No. of H. pylori infection | 736 | 733 | 762 | 747 | |
| Range | Level 1 (0, 280) | Level 2 (280, 392) | Level 3 (392, 560) | Level 4 (560, 3138) | 0.68 | |
| Multiple adjustedd | ref | 1.02 (0.79, 1.31) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.21) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.31) | ||
| sugared beverages and snacks | No. of H. pylori infection | 830 | 736 | 681 | 731 | |
| Range | Level 1 (0, 12) | Level 2 (12, 43) | Level 3 (43, 87) | Level 4 (87, 1569) | 0.14 | |
| Multiple adjustedd | ref | 0.94 (0.74, 1.21) | 0.98 (0.76, 1.27) | 1.18 (0.90, 1.55) | ||
| refined grain and grain products | No. of H. pylori infection | 742 | 747 | 764 | 725 | |
| Range | Level 1 (0, 168) | Level 2 (168, 230) | Level 3 (230, 305) | Level 4 (305, 1394) | 0.15 | |
| Multiple adjustedd | ref | 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.21) | 0.79 (0.59, 1.05) | ||
aH. pylori, Helicobacter pylori.
bMultiple logistic regression analysis.
cAdjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) (all such values).
dAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, total energy intake, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, household incomes, educational levels, living alone, salt intake, and family history of diseases (cardiovascular, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes).