Table 2. Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors.
| Overall Survival Analysis Failure Event: Death | LGG Patients | Univariate Statistics | Multivariate Cox-Regression |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Number of patients | 126 | ||
| Year of first diagnosis, (IQR), y | 2007 (2005–2010) | ||
| Sex | p = 0.71 | ||
| Male | 87 (69%) | ||
| Female | 39 (31%) | ||
| Age at diagnosis, median (IQR), y | 41 (35–51) | p = 0.001 | p = 0.001 (95% CI: 1.01–1.05) HR: 1.03 (per year) |
| Follow-up, median (IQR), y | 4.9 (2.5–8.4) | ||
| Status | |||
| Dead | 56 (44%) | ||
| Alive | 64 (51%) | ||
| Lost to follow-up | 6 (5%) | ||
| Overall Survival, median, y | 9.1 | ||
| 5-year survival rate (%) | 65% | ||
| 10-year survival rate (%) | 49% | ||
| Preoperative KPS, mean (SD), % | 90.6 (8.3) | p = 0.12 | |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 0.34 (1.0) | p = 0.76 | |
| Initial symptoms | |||
| None (incidental) | 7 (6%) | p = 0.61 | |
| Seizure | 83 (66%) | p = 0.61 | |
| Headache | 16 (13%) | p = 0.73 | |
| Neurological deficit | 38 (30%) | p = 0.22 | |
| Pignatti score, mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.1) | p < 0.001 | |
| Tumor Characteristics | |||
| Histopathology | |||
| Oligodendroglioma WHO°II | 18 (14%) | Reference | Reference |
| Oligoastrocytoma WHO°II | 46 (37%) | p = 0.098 | |
| Astrocytoma WHO°II | 62 (49%) | p = 0.002 | p = 0.010 (95% CI: 1.3–4.2) HR: 2.25 |
| Tumor size | |||
| Maximum diameter, mean, (SD), mm | 53 (21) | p = 0.85 | |
| Tumor volume, mean, (SD), mm3 | 62 (57) | p = 0.69 | |
| Eloquent location (Sawaya-Score) | p = 0.066 | ||
| 1 | 13 (10%) | ||
| 2 | 81 (64%) | ||
| 3 | 42 (33%) | ||
| Bilateral tumor extension | 7 (6%) | p = 0.29 | |
| Left Hemisphere | 70 (56%) | p = 0.40 | |
| Preoperative contrast enhancement | 27/114§ (24%) | p = 0.71 | |
| Location of tumor | |||
| Frontal | 51 (40%) | Reference | Reference |
| Temporal | 21 (17%) | p = 0.78 | p = 0.69 |
| Parietal | 9 (7%) | p = 0.006 | p = 0.05 |
| Insula | 31 (25%) | p = 0.21 | p = 0.64 |
| Other | 14 (11%) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.007 (95% CI: 1.4–7.9) HR: 3.3 |
| Initial management by biopsy | 77 (61%) | p = 0.0018 | p = 0.083 |
| Resection after initial management by biopsy | 22 (29%) | p = 0.67 | |
| Adjuvant Therapy | Available: 115 (91%) | ||
| None | 45 (39%) | p = 0.18 | |
| Early radiotherapy | 25 (22%) | p < 0.001 | |
| Ever radiotherapy | 58 (50%) | p = 0.11 | |
| Early chemotherapy | 24 (21%) | p = 0.91 | |
| Ever chemotherapy | 64 (56%) | p = 0.51 | |
§Number of available pre-operative contrast-enhanced MRI.