Figure 2. Images of intermediate protocol steps.

(a) A laser-cut porcine scaffold prior to decellularization (scale bar, 2 mm). (b) Using the laser-cut holes within the scaffold, tissues are temporarily mounted onto removable posts placed into holes cut into either end of the culture frame (c) Native myocardial fiber orientation (running left to right) can be seen by light micrograph after decellularization (scale bar, 250 μm). (d) After seeding with NRVMs and 16 days in culture, EHTs form hourglass shapes and exhibit spontaneous beating (scale bar, 1 mm).