Table 1.
Comparison of Demographic Characteristics between Smokers and Nonsmokers.
| Total (N = 610, 100%) | Smokers (n = 155, 25.4%) | Nonsmokers (n = 455, 74.6%) | χ2/t | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.76 | .383 | |||
| Male | 93 (15.2) | 27 (17.4) | 66 (14.5) | ||
| Female | 517 (84.8) | 128 (82.6) | 389 (85.5) | ||
| RDC/TMD primary diagnosis | 1.67 | .196 | |||
| Muscle (group 1) | 319 (52.3) | 88 (56.8) | 231 (50.8) | ||
| Joint (group 2/3) | 291 (47.7) | 67 (43.2) | 224 (49.2) | ||
| Employment status | 22.14 | <.001 | |||
| Unemployed | 198 (32.5) | 74 (47.7) | 124 (27.3) | ||
| Employed | 412 (67.5) | 81 (52.3) | 331 (72.7) | ||
| Marital status | 13.48 | <.001 | |||
| Single | 239 (39.2) | 80 (51.6) | 159 (34.9) | ||
| Married | 371 (60.8) | 75 (48.4) | 296 (65.1) | ||
| PTSD categorya | 26.58 | <.001 | |||
| Positive | 134 (22.0) | 57 (36.8) | 77 (16.9) | ||
| Negative | 476 (78.0) | 98 (63.2) | 378 (83.1) | ||
| Age, y | 39.6 ± 14.0 | 35.4 ± 11.5 | 41.1 ± 14.5 | 4.97b | <.001 |
| Pain intensity (VAS), mm | 47.2 ± 23.0 | 59.9 ± 21.8 | 42.9 ± 21.7 | −8.4c | <.001 |
| Pain duration, mo | 44.8 ± 76.0 | 48.9 ± 71.7 | 43.4 ± 77.5 | −0.78c | .436 |
Values are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.
PCL-C, PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; RDC/TMD, research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders; VAS, visual analog scale.
a
Positive: PCL-C score ≥41. Negative: PCL-C score <41.
b
df = 332.11 (equal variances not assumed).
c
df = 608.