Table 2.

Results of Linear Regression Analyses.

	Smoking: Main Effectsa				PCL-C Total Score: Main Effects
Outcome Variable	R2 (Adj)	β	t	P Value	R2 (Adj)	β	t	P Value
VAS average pain intensity	.103	.323	8.403	<.001	.090	.302	7.806	<.001
MPI subscales
Pain severity	.063	.255	6.491	<.001	.098	.316	8.208	<.001
Life interference	.042	.208	5.243	<.001	.155	.395	10.597	<.001
Life control	.038	−.198	−4.992	<.001	.176	−.421	−11.450	<.001
Affective distress	.042	.209	5.272	<.001	.287	.537	15.690	<.001
General activityb	.003	−.070	−1.736	.083	.049	−.224	−5.659	<.001
Global severity indexc	.056	.239	6.072	<.001	.500	.708	24.714	<.001

All models were tested separately.

Adj, adjusted; MPI, Multidimensional Pain Inventory; PCL-C, PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version; VAS, visual analog scale.

^aNonsmoking = 0, smoking = 1.

^bn = 607.

^cSymptom Checklist-90-Revised.