Table 2.

Clinical results of preoperative colonoscopic localization using carbon nanoparticles

Variables	Total n = 54	Experimental group n = 27	Control group n = 27	p value
Time to detect the tumor	4.81 ± 4.45	2.71 ± 2.13	6.91 ± 5.16	<0.001*
Blood loss	136.28 ± 33.68	125.04 ± 29.48	147.52 ± 34.35	0.013*
Operation time	160.74 ± 33.04	151.22 ± 30.66	170.26 ± 33.13	0.033*
Dissected lymph nodes number	11.69 ± 4.13	14.41 ± 3.32	8.96 ± 2.90	<0.001*
Dissected lymph nodes				0.014*
≥12	29	19 (70.37 %)	10 (37.04 %)
<12	25	8 (29.63 %)	17 (62.96 %)	0.154
Lymph node metastasis
Yes	19	12 (44.44 %)	7 (25.93 %)
No	35	15 (55.56 %)	20 (74.07 %)
Postoperative complications
Bleeding	2	1	1
Infection	1	0	1
Anastomotic leakage	2	1	1
Intestinal obstruction	1	1	0
Urinary complication	0	0	0
Intractable fecal incontinence	0	0	0

*p < 0.05