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. 2016 Aug 30;7:1344. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01344

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Copyright © 2016 Gao, Wang, Villanueva, Ho, Davies and Kao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of ampicillin on the adherence and internalization of S. aureus USA300 by A549 human lung epithelial cells. Relative invasion and relative adherence assays were performed in triplicate and repeated twice. (A) Ampicillin enhances the adherence of USA300 toward A540 cells. USA300-pGLami was cultured overnight in the absence of ampicillin (AMP−) or with 1/16 MIC concentration of ampicillin (AMP+) followed by co-culturing with A549 cells for 1 h. USA300 expressing GFP are shown in green. (B) Sub-inhibitory concentration of ampicillin induced adherence ratio and invasion ratio of USA300 in A549 cells. Experiments were carried out in triplicate and repeated twice. The mean value is shown with s.d.