IgA glycosylation varies with housing conditions. Analysis of (A) N-acetylneuraminic acid and (B) exposed GalNac in plasma IgA from 6-week-old and 3-month-old α1KI, α1KI J−/−, and wild-type (WT) mice housed in GF, SOPF, or CIS conditions. Glycosylation was quantified by lectin assay using MA or HAA lectins. For each sample, OD of lectin assay was normalized using OD of IgA ELISA. Results are expressed as means±SEMs of n=4–9 α1KI or α1KI J−/− animals and n>10 WT mice (Mann–Whitney test or Kruskall–Wallis test followed by Bonferroni test). *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.