Fig 1. Calculation of proportional nose position ratio (NP%).

The length of foreface is defined as the maximum distance (mm) of facial length (a-a’ shown as a red line). The eye-nose distance is defined as the straight-line distance (mm) between the midpoint of the medial canthus (equivalent to the nasal stop on the lateral view) and dorsal tip of nose (b-b’, shown in blue line). If the dorsal tip of the nose is in line with the midpoint of the medial canthus the distance is given a zero value, deviation to above this point is provided a negative value. For this picture NP% = 17.6% ([eye-nose distance 12mm / length 68mm] *100). Note for readers: measurements will differ based on the size of viewed image.