Fig 6. IFN-γ-induced autophagy is independent of oxidative stress.
(A) After IFN-γ (10 ng/ml) treatment of shLuc- and shp47phox-transfected A549 cells for 6 days, Western blotting was performed to detect LC3-I/II expression. β-actin was used as an internal control. The relative ratios of LC3-II, LC3-I, and β-actin are also shown as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ***P < 0.001. ns, not significant. (B) Representative images of GFP-LC3 puncta formation captured by fluorescence microscopy. The data are shown as the mean ± SD obtained from three consecutive microscopic fields. **P < 0.01 compared to PBS. ns, not significant. (C) Schematic model of ROS-mediated IFN-γ-induced mimic ETosis in lung epithelial malignancy. IFN-γ induces autophagy, which causes DNA damage followed by ATR/ATM/PAD4-mediated histone H3 citrullination and a mimic ETosis. Additionally, IFN-γ-induced NADPH oxidase/ROS signaling enables DNA damage and a mimic ETosis.