Table 1. Baseline Characteristics.

	Controls	Patients ON condition
	(n = 11)	(n = 11)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p-values
	(Range)	(Range)	(if applicable)
Age (years)	64.91 ± 5.86	64.64 ± 8.90	.93
	(52–71)	(48–77)
Education (years)	10.73 ± 1.90	10.45 ± 1.63	.72
	(8–13)	(8–13)
Gender (f/m)	3 / 8	2 / 9	.61
Handedness (r/l)	8 / 3	10 / 1	.27
net PANDA (points)	18.64 ± 3.07	17.18 ± 3.68	.33
	(13–23)	(13–23)
Disease Duration (years)		13.55 ± 5.48
		(4–22)
LED (mg)		520.05 ± 454.29
		(0–1300)
UPDRS-III (points)		19.64 ± 8.59
		(11–40)
HY (stage)		2.55 ± 0.69
		(2–4)
DBS Duration (years)		3.36 ± 2.37
		(0.5–7)

Overview of patients in their ON stimulation condition and control subjects (Contr.). net PANDA: Parkinson Neuropsychometric Dementia Assessment (PANDA) score without VF test items–maximum 23 points; LED: levodopa equivalent dose per day; duration: disease duration; UPDRS-III: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–motor score (maximum 108 points); HY: Hoehn & Yahr score.