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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Anal Biochem. 2016 Aug 7;511:80–91. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.08.002

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic depiction of multiple stages in non-native aggregation of monoclonal antibodies in solution: (1) partial unfolding to reveal aggregation-prone “hot spots” (red); (2) weak, reversible self-association, prior to (3) structural rearrangement to form effectively irreversible nuclei that then have the potential to grow via (4) monomer addition (termed chain polymerization) or (5) aggregate-aggregate coalescence (association polymerization) and ultimately (6) aggregate phase separation. Adapted from ref. [6,23]