Results from a recent bench test of 13 noninvasive ventilators using a computer-controlled active patient simulator. a) Proportion of the preset tidal volumes (VT) actually delivered, without leakage and with mild continuous leakage. *: p<0.05 between conditions without leakage and with mild continuous leakage. b) Trigger performance in noninvasive pressure support ventilation. Inspiratory delays, triggering delay (ΔT) and pressurisation delay (PD), in response to moderate and strong inspiratory efforts, without leakage and with calibrated, mild and severe continuous leakage. Reproduced from reference [36] with permission.