Table 1.

Involvement of DGK isoforms in several forms of synaptic plasticity.

DGK isoform	Synapse	Localization	Tested forms of synaptic plasticity	Reported effects in KO mice	Known/expected functions of DGKs
DGKε	Perforant path-dentate granule cell synapses	N.D.	LTP	Reduction	Regulating amounts of DAG and PKC activity required for LTP, and regulating the lipid signaling leading to the production of retrograde messengers required for LTP
DGKζ	Hippocampal SC-CA1 synapses	Postsynaptic density	Postsynaptic LTP	Enhancement	Regulating amounts of DAG produced by mGluR activation, and balancing PKC activity, which is a modulator of LTP and LTD
			Postsynaptic LTD	Reduction
DGKβ	Hippocampal SC-CA1 synapses	Membranes including synaptic areas	Postsynaptic LTP	Reduction	Regulating basal DAG levels
DGKι	Hippocampal SC-CA1 synapses	Presynaptic areas	Presynaptic LTD	Reduction	Reducing DAG levels and consequently preventing the activation of target molecules that antagonize LTD
DGKκ	Hippocampal SC-CA1 synapses	N.D.	Postsynaptic LTP	Reduction	Regulating basal DAG levels
			Postsynaptic LTD	Enhancement
DGKζ	Cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses	Postsynaptic areas	Postsynaptic LTP	Normal	–
			Postsynaptic LTD	Reduction	Targeting PKCα required for LTD at synapses, maintaining optimal PKCα activity levels via reducing basal DAG levels, and receiving inhibition from PKCα

N.D. stands for “not described or undetermined.”