Table 2.
Characteristics of the children and their parents (n = 2026)
| n | Median (95 % range) or percentagea | |
|---|---|---|
| Parental characteristics | ||
| Maternal age (year) | 2026 | 32.3 (22.9–39.9) |
| Maternal BMI at enrollment (kg/m2) | 1849 | 23.3 (18.9–34.8) |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 1242 | 63.0 % |
| 1 | 557 | 28.2 % |
| ≥2 | 173 | 8.8 % |
| Folic acid supplement use (%) | ||
| Started periconceptional | 970 | 63.5 % |
| Started in first 10 weeks | 448 | 29.3 % |
| Never | 110 | 7.2 % |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy (%) | ||
| Never | 517 | 30.8 % |
| Until pregnancy was known | 278 | 16.6 % |
| Continued | 881 | 52.6 % |
| Smoking during pregnancy (%) | ||
| Never | 1466 | 79.5 % |
| Until pregnancy was known | 186 | 10.1 % |
| Continued | 193 | 10.5 % |
| Paternal smoking (%) | ||
| No | 947 | 61.7 % |
| Yes | 589 | 38.3 % |
| Paternal education (%) | ||
| Primary or secondary school | 542 | 29.0 % |
| Higher education | 1328 | 71.0 % |
| Net household income per month (%) | ||
| <2200 € | 359 | 20.3 % |
| ≥2200 € | 1413 | 79.7 % |
| Child characteristics | ||
| Gender (%) | ||
| Boys | 1002 | 49.5 % |
| Girls | 1024 | 50.5 % |
| Breastfeeding (%) | ||
| Exclusive for at least 4 months | 552 | 30.2 % |
| Partial in the first 4 months | 1101 | 60.2 % |
| Never | 176 | 9.6 % |
| Introduction complementary feeding (%) | ||
| After 6 months | 800 | 39.6 % |
| 3–6 months | 1136 | 56.3 % |
| 0–3 months | 83 | 4.1 % |
| Children receiving breast milk or ≥500 kcal/d from infant formula at age of dietary assessment (%) | ||
| Yes | 386 | 19.0 % |
| No | 1640 | 81.0 % |
| Television watching at 2 years (h/day) | 1915 | 0.9 (0–2) |
| Age at FFQ (mo) | 2026 | 12.9 (12.2–19.2) |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 2026 | 1267 (737–2080) |
| Age at center visit (y) | 2026 | 5.9 (5.7–6.5) |
| Height at center visit (cm) | 2026 | 118.4 ± 5.0 |
| Weight at center visit (kg) | 2026 | 22.2 ± 3.0 |
| Body mass index at center visit (kg/m2) | 2026 | 15.8 ± 1.4 |
| Fat-free mass index at center visit (kg/m2) | 1980 | 11.9 ± 0.8 |
| Fat mass index at center visit (kg/m2) | 1980 | 3.7 ± 1.0 |
| Body fat percentage at center visit | 1980 | 23.6 ± 4.5 |
| Android/gynoid fat ratio at center visit | 1980 | 0.24 ± 0.05 |
aValues are valid percentages for categorical variables or medians (95 % range) or means ± SDs for continuous variables on the basis of unimputed data in a total sample of 2026