Table 2.

Frequency of effort-shape observations by each participant in the two case studies according to the particular analysis task performed by observer participants.

Case study		Case Study 1				Case Study 2
Task		Verification task	Independent analysis task	Signal-detection yes/no task		Independent analysis task
Observer		Percussionists	Violinist	French hornist “verified” (correct identification)	French hornist “non-verified” (“catch trial”)	Percussionist	Vocalist
Basic effort actions	“Punch”	34	10	34	33	0	0
	“Dab”	40	12	37	36	18	14
	“Float”	17	4	13	16	17	0
	“Glide”	7	8	6	6	1	13
	“Press”	6	0	6	3	0	0
	“Flick”	1	5	1	1	13	0
	“Slash”	0	0	0	0	0	0
	“Wring”	0	0	0	0	0	0
Transformation drives	“Passion”	11	4	11	6	0	0
	“Vision”	17	4	15	16	0	0
	“Spell”	5	11	4	3	3	0
Shape features	“Rising”	67	46	55	20	4	38
	“Sinking”	77	30	64	40	0	14
	“Widening”	25	37	20	19	2	0
	“Narrowing”	0	11	0	0	0	0
	“Advancing”	2	4	2	1	0	0
	“Retreating”	5	2	5	1	1	0