Table 2.
Author | Year | Study type | Selection bias (homogeneity and confounders) | Performance bias (fidelity to protocol) | Attrition bias (loss of participants) | Detection bias (reliable measures) | Reporting bias (selective reporting or conflict interests) | Summary assessment risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alsaadi | 2007 | Retrospective | H | U | U | L | L | L |
Aguilar-Salvatierra | 2015 | Prospective | H | L | L | L | L | L |
Anner | 2010 | Retrospective | H | U | U | L | L | M |
Busenlechner | 2014 | Retrospective | H | L | U | L | L | L |
Daubert | 2015 | Cross-sectional | H | L | U | L | L | L |
Dowell | 2007 | Prospective | H | L | L | L | M | M |
Erdogan | 2014 | Prospective | H | L | L | L | M | M |
Ferreira | 2006 | Cross-sectional | H | L | L | L | L | L |
Fiorellini | 2000 | Retrospective | H | M | U | M | L | M |
Ghiraldini | 2015 | Prospective | H | L | L | L | L | L |
Gomez-Moreno | 2014 | Prospective | H | L | L | L | L | L |
Khandelwal | 2011 | Prospective | L | L | L | M | L | L |
Morris | 2005 | Prospective | H | L | L | M | L | M |
Moy | 2005 | Retrospective | H | L | U | M | L | M |
Oates | 2009 | Prospective | H | L | L | L | L | L |
Oates | 2014 | Prospective | H | L | M | L | L | L |
Olson | 2000 | Prospective, multicenter | H | L | U | L | L | L |
Peled | 2003 | Retrospective | H | L | U | M | L | M |
Tawil | 2008 | Prospective | H | L | L | M | L | M |
Tatarakis | 2013 | Prospective | H | L | L | L | L | L |
Turkyilmaz | 2010 | Retrospective | H | L | U | L | L | L |
Zupnik | 2011 | Retrospective | H | L | U | M | L | M |
L low, M medium, H high, U unknown risk of bias