Table 2.
Summary of findings in rats with and without testosterone treatment
| Parameters | Treatment groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDS | NDOOil | NDOTes | HFOOil | HFOTes | |
| Peripheral insulin sensitivity | Control | – | – | X | ✔ |
| Brain insulin sensitivity | Control | – | – | X | X |
| Brain mitochondrial function | Control | – | – | X | X |
| Circulation and brain oxidative stress | Control | X | ✔ | XX | ✔ |
| Hippocampal synaptic plasticity | Control | X | ✔ | X | X |
| Cognitive function | Control | X | ✔ | X | X |
– no change compared with NDS group, X impairment compared with NDS and NDO groups, ✔ improvement when compared with the impaired group of the same diet type, XX greater impairment compared with NDO group