Table 2.
Measures of executive function, other cognitive functions, and manual dexterity (n = 347)
| Measures | Total number of visits | Repeat visits, Mean ± SD range | First visit, mean score | Correlations with LTV, r (p value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Executive function (hypothesized domain) | Attention | ||||
| Trails A, s | 953 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (2-6) | 31 ± 10 | 0.252 (<0.001) | |
| Digit span forward | 944 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (1-6) | 8.3 ± 2.4 | 0.014 (0.789) | |
| Cognitive flexibility and set shifting | |||||
| Trails B, s | 953 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (2-6) | 76 ± 32 | 0.084 (0.116) | |
| Delta TMT, seconds | 953 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (2-6) | 45 ± 28 | 0.003 (0.949) | |
| Visuoperceptual speed | |||||
| Digit symbol substitution test | 925 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (2-5) | 48 ± 10 | –0.148 (0.006) | |
| Working memory | |||||
| Digit span backward | 945 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (1-6) | 7.1 ± 2.4 | –0.070 (0.197) | |
| Other cognitive functions and manual dexterity | Verbal memory | ||||
| CVLT immediate free recall (sum of 5 trials) | 927 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (2-6) | 53.7 ± 11.5 | –0.041 (0.453) | |
| CVLT long-delay free recall | 925 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (1-6) | 10.9 ± 3.2 | –0.035 (0.522) | |
| CVLT short-delay free recall | 922 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (1-6) | 11.5 ± 3.3 | –0.047 (0.385) | |
| BVRT | 943 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (1-6) | 5.9 ± 3.9 | 0.139 (0.010) | |
| Language | |||||
| Letter fluency | 953 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (2-6) | 14.6 ± 4.1 | –0.049 (0.364) | |
| Category fluency | 953 | 2.7 ± 0.8 (2-6) | 16.4 ± 3.6 | –0.109 (0.042) | |
| Visuospatial ability | |||||
| Card rotation | 919 | 2.6 ± 0.8 (1–6) | 93.8 ± 40.0 | −0.129 (0.017) | |
| Manual dexterity | |||||
| Pegboard dominant | 919 | 2.6 ± 0.8 (2–5) | 12.2 ± 1.8 | −0.161 (0.003) | |
| Pegboard non-dominant | 898 | 2.6 ± 0.8 (2–5) | 11.9 ± 1.7 | −0.117 (0.032) | |
LTV lap time variation, Delta TMT Trails B minus Trails A, CVLT California verbal learning test, BVRT Benton visual retention test